Agam Sutra Satik 02 Sutrakrut AngSutra 02

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Agam Sutra Satik 02 Sutrakrut AngSutra 02," based on the provided pages:

Overall Purpose and Context:

This document is the second part of a Gujarati commentary ("Satik") on the Jain Agam Sutra, specifically focusing on the Sutrakrut Ang (सूत्रकृताङ्ग), which is the second Ang (limb) of the Jain scriptures. The commentary is authored by Muni Deepratnasagar and published by Agam Shrut Prakashan. The text aims to provide a detailed explanation of the Sutrakrut Ang, incorporating the original text ("Mool"), the commentary by Bhadrabahu Swami ("Niyukti"), and the further explanation by Shylanka Acharya ("Vritti").

Key Sections and Content:

The document is structured to cover the entire Sutrakrut Ang, which is divided into two main Shrut Skandhas (parts of the scriptural tradition) and further into numerous Adhyayanas (chapters) and Uddeshanas (sections within chapters).

Page 3 & 4: Table of Contents (Vishayanukram / विषयानुक्रम)

These pages provide a detailed index of the content, outlining the structure of the Sutrakrut Ang as presented in this edition. It lists:

• First Shrut Skandh (प्रथमः श्रुतस्कन्धः): This section contains 11 Adhyayanas, with numerous Uddeshanas within them. The Adhyayanas cover a wide range of topics related to Jain philosophy, ethics, and cosmology. Some of the prominent topics include:

  • Samaya (समय): Discussion of different philosophical viewpoints and doctrines.
  • Vaitāliya (वैतालीयं): Likely related to the cycle of time or ascetic practices.
  • Upmarga (उपमार्ग): Discussion of wrong paths or deviations from the right path.
  • Upasarga (उपसर्ग): Dealing with afflictions, hardships, and ascetic fortitude.
  • Naraka Vimokti (नरकविमोक्ति): The liberation from hellish states.
  • Virastuṭi (वीरस्तुति): Praise of Lord Mahavir.
  • Kuśīla Paribhāṣā (कुशील परिभाषा): Defining and describing corrupt or unchaste conduct.
  • Dharma (धर्म): Discussing the true nature of Dharma.
  • Samādhi (समाधि): The state of mental equanimity and concentration.
  • Mārga (मार्ग): The path to liberation.
  • Samavasaraṇa (समवसरण): The divine assembly held by the Tirthankaras.
  • Yathātathya (यथातथ्यं): The truth or reality.
  • Pratyākhyāna (प्रत्याख्यान): Renunciation and its principles.
  • Ādāna (आदान): Acquisition and its implications.
  • Ārdraka (आर्द्रक): Likely referring to the story of Ārdra Kumāra.
  • Nālandīya (नालंदीय): Possibly referencing the Nalanda tradition or teachings.
  • Grantha (ग्रन्थ): The nature of scriptures.
  • Gāthā (गाथा): Verses or traditional sayings.

• Second Shrut Skandh (द्वितीयः श्रुतस्कन्धः): This section contains 1 Adhyayana (Puṇḍarīka - पुण्डरीक), which appears to be a significant narrative or allegorical account, possibly illustrating principles through the story of Puṇḍarīka.

Pages 8 onwards: Introduction (Upoḍghāt - उपोद्घात) and Commencement of the Commentary:

• Page 8 & 9: Invocation and Introduction of Sutrakrut Ang:

  • The text begins with an invocation ("Namo Namo Nirmal Darśanaṣya" - नमो नमो निर्मल दर्शनस्य - Salutations to pure perception) and pays respects to the spiritual lineage (Guru Sudharma Swāmi).
  • It introduces the Sutrakrut Ang as the second Anga, emphasizing its importance for understanding core principles and refuting wrong doctrines.
  • The author, Muni Deepratnasagar, explains his intent to elaborate on the Sutrakrut Ang, acknowledging the complexity of the text and the potential for misunderstanding. He highlights the need for guidance from the Āptas (omniscient beings) and the scriptures (Agam) for achieving liberation.
  • The introduction of the "Niyukti" (नियुक्ति) by Bhadrabahu Swami and the "Vritti" (वृत्ति) by Shylanka Acharya is mentioned, indicating the commentary's reliance on traditional explanations.
  • A discussion on the purpose of scriptures (Mangaḷ - मङ्गल) and the absence of explicit auspicious beginnings in the original text due to the compiler's (Lord Mahavir's disciple, Godhara) omniscience and direct transmission from the Tirthankara is also present.

• Pages 8-47: Detailed Explanation of the First Shrut Skandh (Summary of Chapters and Themes):

  • The initial pages of the commentary delve into the detailed structure of the First Shrut Skandh, breaking down each Adhyayana and its key themes. This is presented through the "Niyukti" (नि.) and "Vritti" (वृ.) sections, which offer an explanation of the concepts, their placement (Nikshepa - निक्षेप), and their significance.
  • The commentary extensively discusses various philosophical schools of thought (like Kārvāda, Asūryavāda, Niyaṭivāda, Jīvavāda, Dehavāda, Sarvajñavāda, etc.) and refutes their doctrines, explaining the Jain perspective.
  • The author emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between one's own doctrine (Swamat - स्वसमय) and others' doctrines (Paramat - परसमय) and adhering to the former for spiritual progress.
  • Ethical principles, such as non-violence (Ahiṁsā - अहिंसा), control of senses, renunciation (Parigraha Parihāra - परिग्रह परिहार), and the significance of virtues like courage (Vīrya - वीर्य) and penance (Tapas - तपस) are explained.
  • The text also elaborates on the classifications of karma, the process of bondage (Bandha - बन्ध) and liberation (Moksha - मोक्ष), and the nature of hellish realms (Narak - नरक) and their torments, likely within Adhyayana 5.
  • The commentary on Adhyayana 6, "Vīrastuti," focuses on praising Lord Mahavir and his virtues.
  • Adhyayana 7, "Kuśīla Paribhāṣā," defines and explains corrupt conduct, likely contrasting it with righteous conduct.
  • Adhyayana 8, "Vīrya," discusses the importance of strength, courage, and effort in spiritual practice.
  • Adhyayana 9, "Dharma," elaborates on the true nature of Dharma.
  • Adhyayana 10, "Samādhi," focuses on the state of mental equanimity and concentration.
  • Adhyayana 11, "Mārga," discusses the spiritual path.
  • Adhyayana 12, "Samavasaraṇa," describes the divine assembly of Lord Mahavir.
  • Adhyayana 13, "Yathātathya," delves into the truth or reality.
  • Adhyayana 14, "Grantha," discusses the scriptures themselves.
  • Adhyayana 15, "Ādāna," likely covers principles of acquisition or giving.
  • Adhyayana 16, "Gāthā," deals with traditional verses or sayings.

• Pages 47 onwards: Commentary on Specific Uddeshanas and Chapters: The text then proceeds to a verse-by-verse or section-by-section commentary, explaining the nuances of the Sutrakrut Ang. The style involves quoting the Niyukti and then providing the Vritti. The explanations often involve detailed philosophical discourse, refutation of opposing views, and practical ethical guidance.

Key Themes and Philosophical Concepts:

• Refutation of Non-Jain Doctrines: A significant portion of the commentary is dedicated to refuting various philosophical schools of thought prevalent at the time of the scriptures' composition, such as:
  • Materialism (Chārvāka)
  • Fatalism (Niyati)
  • Theories of non-action (Akriyā)
  • Theories of the soul being the body or identical with the body (Dehātma, Brahmātma)
  • Theories denying the efficacy of karma or the existence of past/future lives.
  • Theories of eternalism (Shāshvatavāda).
  • Theories of annihilation (Ucchedavāda).
  • Theories of self-creation or creation by a divine being.
• Jain Principles: The commentary uphms Jain doctrines such as:
  • Anekāntavāda (अनेकान्तवाद): The doctrine of manifold aspects of reality.
  • Syādvāda (स्याद्वाद): The doctrine of conditional predication.
  • Karma Theory (कर्म सिद्धांत): The intricate workings of karma, its bondage, and liberation.
  • Ahiṁsā (अहिंसा): Non-violence as the supreme principle.
  • Aparigraha (अपरिग्रह): Non-possession and detachment.
  • Brahmacarya (ब्रह्मचर्य): Chastity and control of senses.
  • The Path to Liberation (Moksha Mārga - मोक्षमार्ग): The importance of Right Faith (Samyak Darśana), Right Knowledge (Samyak Jñāna), and Right Conduct (Samyak Cāritra).
  • The Nature of the Soul (Ātmā - आत्मा): Its eternality, immutability, and consciousness.
  • The Six Jīvakāyas (षड् जीवकाय): The classification of living beings.
• Ascetic Practices (Caryā - चर्या): The text likely details the conduct of monks and nuns, including their dietary rules, modes of movement, and ethical observances.
• Commentarial Tradition: The heavy reliance on "Niyukti" and "Vritti" indicates the importance of established scholarly interpretations in understanding the Agamas.

Author and Publisher:

• Author: Muni Deepratnasagar (मुनि दीपरत्नसागर)
• Publisher: Āgam Shrut Prakashan (आगम श्रुत प्रकाशन)

Overall Summary of the Sutrakrut Ang's Content (as per the table of contents):

The Sutrakrut Ang, as presented here, is a profound scripture that systematically explores various philosophical and ethical viewpoints. It critiques and refutes heterodox theories, establishing the supremacy of the Jain path through reasoned arguments and scriptural authority. The text covers a vast spectrum of topics, from the nature of reality, the soul, and karma to the details of ascetic discipline and the path to liberation, all while grounding its explanations in the teachings of Tirthankaras and the established commentaries.

This summary aims to capture the essence and breadth of the provided text. The detailed nature of the table of contents and the introductory remarks suggest a comprehensive and scholarly work within the Jain tradition.