Agam Satik Part 22 Pragnapana Sutra Gujarati Anuwad 3 - Book Summary

This comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Agam Satik Part 22 Pragnapana Sutra Gujarati Anuwad 3" by Dipratnasagar and Deepratnasagar, published by Deepratnasagar, is based on the provided Gujarati text. The summary focuses on the content of the Pragnapana Sutra, specifically its second part, which is covered in this volume.

Book Title: Agam Satik Part 22 Pragnapana Sutra Gujarati Anuwad 3 Author(s): Dipratnasagar, Deepratnasagar Publisher: Deepratnasagar Catalog Link: https://jainqq.org/explore/009013/1

Overview of the Text:

This volume is part of a larger series, "Agam Satik Anuwad," aiming to provide a commentary and translation of Jain Agamas. Specifically, this book contains the translation and commentary for Part 3 of the Pragnapana Sutra, which is the 15th Agama and the 4th Upanga Sutra. In Prakrit, it is known as Pannavati Sutra, and in Sanskrit, as Prajnapana. It is considered an Upanga to the Anga Sutra Samvayanga. The text states that Jivabhigama and Pragnapana are closely related, with Jivabhigama's commentary often referencing Pragnapana. The Bhagavati Sutra also frequently cites Pannavati.

Content of Pragnapana Sutra (Part 22/3):

This particular volume covers Chapters (Padas) 21 to 36 (complete) of the Pragnapana Sutra. The text consists of 36 chapters in total, with some chapters containing sub-divisions called Uddesha (aims) and Dwara (gates/sections).

Key Themes and Concepts Discussed:

The Pragnapana Sutra is rich in Dravyānu-yoga (theological and metaphysical discourse). It elaborates on various philosophical topics, including:

Status (Sthiti): The duration or state of existence.
Designation (Sanjna): The naming or classification of entities.
Etymology/Derivation (Vyuṭkrānti): The origin and meaning of terms.
Source/Origin (Yoni): The genesis or cause of phenomena.
Body (Sharir): The nature, types, and characteristics of physical bodies.
Karma: The detailed discussion of karmic principles.
Passions (Kashaya): The nature and impact of the four passions (anger, pride, deceit, greed).
Other Abstract Principles (Evam Anek Tattvik Vishayon ki Vishad Chhanavata): The text offers a detailed exploration of numerous other fundamental Jain principles.

Structure and Style:

The style of the Pragnapana Sutra is primarily question-and-answer (Prashnottar), featuring dialogues between Lord Mahavir (Bhagavan) and his chief disciple, Lord Gautam Swami.

Specific Details from the Translated Chapters (21-36):

The provided text offers a glimpse into the detailed discussions within chapters 21 to 36. The following are some of the specific topics covered in the translated excerpts:

Chapter 21: Body (Sharir) - Avagahana Sansthana (Size and Form)
- Types of Bodies: The text meticulously describes the five types of bodies: Audārika (physical), Vaikriya (transformative), Āhārika (intermediate mental), Taijasa (fiery), and Kāmmana (karmic).
- Classification of Audārika Body: Detailed sub-classifications are provided based on the number of senses (e.g., Ekendriya, two-sensed, three-sensed, four-sensed, five-sensed). Each category is further broken down by factors like subtle/gross, perfect/imperfect, and various species (e.g., earth-bodied, water-bodied, etc.).
- Forms (Sansthana): The text describes the different shapes and forms bodies can take, such as lenticular (masoor), pot-shaped (kund), needle-like (soi), banner-like (pataka), and the six basic forms (Samachaturasra, Sthana, Chano, Parimandal, Kuj, Hundak).
- Dimensions (Avagahana): The text quantifies the dimensions of these bodies, from infinitesimal parts of a finger-width to vast cosmic distances (e.g., a thousand yojanas).
- Interrelation of Bodies: It discusses how different bodies can coexist or be absent in certain beings.
Chapter 22: Actions (Kriya)
- Five Types of Actions: The text outlines five primary types of actions: Kàyiki (bodily), Adhikaraṇiki (related to instruments/tools), Prāptalẹṣiki (related to passions/mental states), Paritāpaniki (causing suffering), and Prāṇātipātiki (taking life).
- Sub-classifications: Each of these five actions is further broken down into sub-categories, detailing the various ways these actions manifest and their ethical implications.
- Existence of Actions in Different Beings: The text clarifies which beings possess which types of actions and whether they are always active or can be inert.
- Karma Binding due to Actions: The connection between these actions and the binding of various types of karma (Jñānāvaraṇīya, Darśanāvaraṇīya, Vedanīya, Mohanīya, Āyu, Nāma, Gotra, Antarāya) is explored, including the number of karmic permutations bound by each action.
Chapter 23: Karmic Qualities (Karma Prakṛti)
- Eight Karmas: The text lists and describes the eight primary karmas: Jñānāvaraṇīya (knowledge-obscuring), Darśanāvaraṇīya (perception-obscuring), Vedanīya (feeling), Mohanīya (delusion), Āyu (lifespan), Nāma (name/form), Gōtra (status/lineage), and Antarāya (obstruction).
- Sub-types of Karmas: Each of the eight karmas is then further detailed into its numerous sub-types (e.g., Jñānāvaraṇīya has 5 types, Darśanāvaraṇīya has 8, Mohanīya has 25, Nāma has 42, Antarāya has 5).
- Binding and Fruition of Karma: The text discusses how beings bind these karmas, the places where they bind them, the number of karmas experienced, and the manner of their fruition.
- Interrelation of Karma: The text delves into the complex relationships between the binding of one karma and the potential binding of others.
Chapter 24: Karma Fruition (Karma Vedana)
- Experiencing Karma: This chapter focuses on the experience of karma. It details how beings experience the eight karmas, including the permutations and nuances of their fruition.
- Moksha and Karma: The text explains how the experience of karma relates to the soul's journey towards liberation (Moksha).
Chapter 25: Fruition of Karma (Karma Vedavedaka)
- Experiencing Karma and Binding Karma: This chapter explores the interplay between experiencing karma and binding new karma. It analyzes how the state of experiencing karma influences the type and quantity of new karma bound.
- Detailed analysis for different beings: The text provides specific details for various classes of beings (Narakas, celestial beings, humans, animals) regarding their karmic experiences and subsequent bindings.
Chapter 26: Binding of Karma (Karma Vedabandha)
- States of Binding: This chapter elaborates on the states of binding karma. It discusses how beings bind different quantities and types of karma based on their current state, actions, and intentions.
- Classification of beings based on karma binding: The text classifies beings based on the number of karmas they bind (e.g., binding seven, eight, or six karmas).
- Moksha and Karma Binding: It explains how the cessation of karma binding is essential for achieving liberation.
Chapter 27: Fruition and Experience (Karma Vedavedaka)
- Experiencing Karma and its State: This chapter continues the discussion on experiencing karma, focusing on the state of the soul while experiencing it. It examines how the knowledge, perception, passions, and other qualities of the soul influence the experience of karma.
- Moksha and Karma Experience: The text clarifies that liberated souls (Siddhas) are beyond the experience of karma.
Chapter 28: Sustenance (Āhāra)
- Types of Sustenance: The text discusses the concept of sustenance for various beings, classifying it into types like Ojas (vital essence), Lōmāhāra (sustenance through hair/pores), and Manobhakṣi (mental sustenance).
- Aspiration and Fruition of Sustenance: It details how different beings aspire for and experience sustenance, the time intervals between aspirations, and the nature of the sustenance consumed.
- Body and Sustenance: The text links sustenance to the physical bodies and their respective limitations and capabilities.
- Sanjna (Consciousness/Perception): It discusses the role of consciousness and perception in the process of sustenance.
- Devas and Sustenance: The text offers specific insights into the sustenance and aspirations of celestial beings, categorizing them by their lineage and lifespan.
Chapter 29: Usage/Consciousness (Upayoga)
- Types of Usage: This chapter explores the concept of "Upayoga" (usage or consciousness), categorizing it into Sākāra (with form/specific object) and Anākāra (without form/general object).
- Consciousness in Different Beings: It examines how different beings, from Narakas to celestial beings and humans, utilize their consciousness and the types of consciousness they possess.
- Soul's Interaction with Karma: The text explains how consciousness interacts with karma and its role in the soul's bondage and liberation.
Chapter 30: Perception (Pashyata)
- Types of Perception: This chapter discusses "Pashyata" (perception), differentiating between Sākāra (perceiving specific forms) and Anākāra (general perception).
- Perception in Different Beings: It details how various beings, from Narakas to celestial beings, experience and utilize their perception.
- Knowledge vs. Perception: The text explores the distinction between knowledge (Jñana) and perception (Darśana), particularly in the context of Kevalis (omniscient beings).
Chapter 31: Consciousness/Perception (Sanjna)
- States of Consciousness: This chapter examines the states of consciousness, classifying beings as Saṁjñī (conscious with specific mental activities), Asaṁjñī (without specific mental activities), and the intermediate category of No-saṁjñī-no-asaṁjñī.
- Consciousness in Different Realms: It analyzes the presence and type of consciousness in different Jiva (soul) categories, including Narakas, Tiryanchas, humans, and celestial beings.
Chapter 32: Restraint (Saṁyam)
- Types of Restraint: This chapter focuses on "Saṁyam" (restraint or self-control), a key concept in Jain ethics. It categorizes beings based on their level of restraint: Saṁyata (fully restrained), Asaṁyata (unrestrained), Saṁyatāsaṁyata (partially restrained), and No-saṁyata-no-asaṁyata (neither restrained nor unrestrained).
- Restraint in Different Beings: The text details which beings are classified under each category, noting that humans and some Tiryanchas possess partial restraint, while Narakas and many celestial beings are unrestrained.
Chapter 33: Clairvoyant Knowledge (Avadhi)
- Types of Avadhi: This chapter discusses Avadhi Jñāna (clairvoyant knowledge), classifying it into Bhavapratyayika (born from existence/lifespan) and Kṣāyopaśamika (arising from karma suppression).
- Characteristics of Avadhi: It describes the forms (Sansthana), scope (scope), location (Antargata, Bahya), and modifications (Hīyamana, Vardhamana) of Avadhi Jñana.
- Avadhi in Different Beings: The text analyzes the presence and characteristics of Avadhi Jñana in Narakas, celestial beings, Tiryanchas, and humans.
Chapter 34: Deliberation/Analysis (Pravicharaṇa)
- Types of Deliberation: This chapter explores "Pravicharaṇa" (deliberation or analysis) in the context of actions and desires. It categorizes beings based on their deliberation regarding actions like consumption, transformation, and sensory experiences.
- Deliberation in Different Realms: The text details how Narakas, celestial beings, and other life forms engage in deliberation.
Chapter 35: Feelings (Vedanā)
- Types of Feelings: This chapter delves into the concept of "Vedanā" (feelings or sensations), classifying them into pleasant (Sātā), unpleasant (Asātā), and mixed (Sātā-Asātā). It also discusses physical and mental feelings.
- Feelings in Different Beings: The text analyzes how different beings experience these feelings, noting distinctions between Narakas, celestial beings, and others.
- Nidrā and Anidrā: It discusses states of sleepiness (Nidrā) and wakefulness (Anidrā) in relation to feelings.
Chapter 36: Samudghāta (Emanation/Projection)
- Types of Samudghāta: This chapter discusses "Samudghāta" (emanation or projection), outlining seven types: Vedanā, Kashāya, Maraṇāntika, Vaikriya, Taijasa, Āhārika, and Kevalī.
- Presence of Samudghāta: The text clarifies which beings are capable of performing these Samudghātas, detailing their incidence in different realms and life forms.
- Detailed analysis of Samudghāta: It provides a detailed explanation of the process, duration, and implications of these Samudghātas, particularly in relation to karma and liberation.

Publisher's Information:

The text includes acknowledgments and lists of financial contributors (Dravyasahāyakas) for the publication of the entire series of 42 volumes of the "Agam Satik Anuwad." This highlights the significant effort and support behind this extensive project. It also lists other publications by the author, showcasing a wide range of Jain literature, including grammatical works, commentaries, and ritualistic texts.

Overall Significance:

This volume of the Pragnapana Sutra is a crucial part of the Jain Agamas, offering profound insights into the complex metaphysical and ethical principles of Jainism. The detailed translation and commentary provide a valuable resource for scholars and practitioners seeking to understand the intricate doctrines of the tradition. The book's dedication and extensive acknowledgments underscore its importance in preserving and disseminating Jain knowledge.