Agam Satik Part 21 Pragnapana Sutra Gujarati Anuwad 2 - Book Summary

Here's a comprehensive summary of the provided Jain text, "Agam Satik Part 21 Pragnapana Sutra Gujarati Anuwad 2," based on the content of the pages you shared:

Overall Scope and Purpose:

This document is part of a larger series titled "Agam Satik Anuwad," which aims to provide a commentary and translation of Jain Agamas (canonical scriptures). This specific volume, "Agam Satik Part 21," focuses on the Pragnapana Sutra (પ્રજ્ઞાપના સૂત્ર), which is identified as the 15th Agama and the 4th Upanga Sutra. It is the second part of the translation for this particular Sutra. The text is published by Deepratnasagar and authored by Muni Deepratnasagar (also referred to as Deepratnasagar). The publication is supported by various Jain sanghs and trusts, highlighting a community effort in making these scriptures accessible.

Key Information about the Pragnapana Sutra:

Name: Also known as "Patravutti Sutra" (પત્રવૃત્ત સૂત્ર) in Prakrit and "Prapana" (પ્રાપના) in Sanskrit.
Position in Agamas: It is the 15th Agama and the 4th Upanga Sutra.
Content Focus: The text heavily emphasizes Dravyānu-yoga (દ્રવ્યાનુયોગ), which involves the detailed discussion of substances and their properties. It delves into various philosophical and metaphysical concepts.
Structure: The Sutra contains 36 "Padas" (પદ) or chapters/sections. Some of these Padas include sub-sections called "Upadesha" (ઉપદેશા) and "Dwara" (દ્વાર).
Style: The style is primarily question-and-answer based, featuring dialogues between Lord Mahavir (Bhagwan) and his disciple Gautam Swami.

Specific Content Covered in Part 21 (Padas 6-20):

The provided pages focus on the continuation of the Pragnapana Sutra, specifically covering Padas 6 through 20. The text details the following:

Pada 6: Vyutkranti (વ્યુત્ક્રાંતિ - Transition/Change): This section is extensively discussed, focusing on concepts related to the transmigration of souls and the conditions surrounding their rebirth and existence across different realms.
- Upapāt (ઉપપાત - Rebirth/Incarnation): The Sutra meticulously explains the time periods related to the rebirth of souls in various states of existence (Narak, Tiryaṅc, Manushya, Dev). This includes details on:
  - Virah (વિરહ - Absence/Cessation): The time during which a particular type of birth is absent.
  - Udvartan (ઉદ્ધતન - Increase/Accumulation): Relating to the binding of karma or the increase of one's lifespan.
  - Attraction Doors (આકર્ષ-દ્વારો - Means of attraction): The eight ways in which souls attract certain types of karma or life conditions.
- Detailed Classifications: The text breaks down the lifespan and rebirth phenomena by:
  - Dwellings: Naraka (Hellish beings), Asura Kumara to Svayaṁbū and beyond (various celestial realms), Prithvi Kayika (earth element beings), Vayu Kayika (air element beings), Vanaspati Kayika (plant beings), and beings in different stages of sensory development (one-sensed, two-sensed, etc., up to five-sensed beings).
  - Karma and Conditions: Discusses the binding of lifespan (āyuṣ) and the conditions under which rebirth occurs.
- Specific Realms Covered: A significant portion details the conditions for beings in Naraka (from Ratnaprabha to Adhaḥ Saptami), various celestial realms (Asura Kumara to Vaimanika), elemental beings (Prithvi, Ap, Vayu, Vanaspati), and beings with different numbers of senses.
- Comparisons and Contrasts: The text often compares and contrasts the conditions and lifespans of beings across different categories, highlighting the subtle differences in their karmic workings.
- Āyuṣ Bandha (આયુષ્યનો બંધ - Binding of Lifespan): Discusses when the binding of lifespan occurs in relation to the remaining lifespan of the current existence, the influence of different types of karma, and the "attraction doors" that lead to this binding.
- The Eight Doors (આઠ દ્વારો): These are likely related to the processes of karma binding, such as different types of attraction, attraction durations, etc.
- Inter-dimensional Rebirth: The Sutra extensively explains the origins of beings in different realms, tracing their previous existences and the conditions that lead to their current birth. It details how beings from one realm might be reborn in another, including the specific conditions for Naraka, Tiryaṅc, Manushya, and Deva realms.
- The Eight Types of Attraction (આકર્ષ-દ્વારો): The text lists and explains the eight methods or means by which souls bind to specific lifespans and existences.
Pada 7: Saṅjñā (સંજ્ઞા - Cognition/Consciousness/Instinct): This Pada delves into the various types of instincts or cognitions that beings possess.
- Ten Cognitions: It lists and discusses ten types of cognitions: Āhāra (food), Bhaya (fear), Maithuna (sexual impulse), Parigraha (possessiveness), Krodha (anger), Māna (pride), Māyā (deceit), Lobha (greed), Ogha (general comprehension/awareness), and Loka (worldliness/social awareness).
- Analysis by Realm: The text examines which beings in different realms possess which of these cognitions and the relative intensity or prevalence of these cognitions among them.
- Comparisons of Prevalence (Alpabahutva - અલ્પબહુત્વ): Similar to the previous Pada, it compares the prevalence of these cognitions across different types of beings.
Pada 8: Yoni (યોનિ - Womb/Source of Origin): This Pada discusses the different types of "Yonijas" (born from a womb or source of origin).
- Three Types of Yoni:
  - Śīta (શીત - Cold/Cool)
  - Uṣṇa (ઉષ્ણ - Hot/Warm)
  - Śītoṣṇa (શીતોષ્ણ - Mixed Cold and Hot)
- Analysis by Realm: It categorizes beings across different realms (Naraka, celestial beings, elemental beings, biological beings) and their respective Yonis.
- Second Classification of Yoni: It also discusses a second classification of Yoni:
  - Sacitta (સચિત્ત - With life/consciousness)
  - Acitta (અચિત્ત - Without life/consciousness)
  - Miśra (મિશ્ર - Mixed)
- Third Classification of Yoni: A third classification is introduced:
  - Saṁvr̥tta (સંવૃત્ત - Enclosed/Covered)
  - Vivarta (વિવર્ત - Open/Uncovered)
  - Saṁvr̥tāvivarta (સંવૃતાવિવર્ત - Mixed Enclosed and Open)
- Comparison of Prevalence: The text analyzes the prevalence of these Yonis among different types of beings.
Pada 9: Linga (લિંગ - Gender/Form): This Pada deals with concepts related to gender and form.
- Gender Classification: It discusses gender distinctions, possibly in relation to birth and existence.
- Numerical and Grammatical Gender: The text seems to touch upon grammatical gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) and its application to beings and concepts.
- Other Concepts: It also mentions "ādeśa" (આદેશ - instruction/command) and "virahā-kṣaya" (વિરાહ-ક્ષય - cessation of destruction), suggesting a discussion on spiritual states or karmic consequences.
Pada 10: Charama-Acarama (ચરમ-અચરમ - Extreme/Non-extreme): This Pada discusses concepts of extremity and non-extremity, likely in relation to physical dimensions, cosmic regions, or spiritual states.
- Lokā-lokā (લોક-અલોક - Universe and Non-universe): It explores the characteristics of the universe and the non-universe, their boundaries, and extent.
- Alpabahutva (અલ્પબહુત્વ - Lesser-greater): Compares the quantities or extents of different elements within the Lokā-lokā, and the characteristics of beings in various realms.
Pada 11: Bhāṣā (ભાષા - Language/Speech): This Pada examines the nature, origin, and types of speech.
- Origin and Nature of Speech: Discusses how speech originates and its fundamental characteristics.
- Types of Speech: Categorizes speech into:
  - Satya (સત્ય - Truthful): Speech that is beneficial and aligned with the teachings.
  - Mr̥ṣā (મૃષા - Untruthful/False): Speech that is harmful or misleading.
  - Satyāmr̥ṣā (સત્યામૃષા - Partially Truthful/Partially Untruthful): Speech that contains elements of both truth and falsehood.
  - Asatyāmr̥ṣā (અસત્યામૃષા - Neither Truthful nor Untruthful): Speech that might be conventional or instructional without carrying inherent truth or falsehood.
- Classification of Speech: It further categorizes speech based on:
  - Paryāpti (પર્યાપ્તિ - Fulfillment/Sufficiency): Speech that is fully formed and meaningful, versus unfulfilled speech.
  - Truthfulness: Satya, Mr̥ṣā, Satyāmr̥ṣā, Asatyāmr̥ṣā.
  - Grammatical Gender: Feminine, masculine, neuter speech.
  - Intent: Anya (other-directed), Sva (self-directed), Anya-Sva (other and self-directed).
  - Knowledge: Prājñapti (learned/knowledgeable) vs. Mr̥ṣā (false).
  - Purpose: Ājnapti (instructional/commanding) vs. Mr̥ṣā.
  - Jāti (જાતિ - Species/Kind): Speech related to species characteristics.
  - Cause: Discusses the causes behind different types of speech.
- Analysis of Speech and Karma: It explores the relationship between speech and karma, and how certain types of speech are considered righteous (pāpa) or unrighteous.
Pada 12: Śarīra (શરીર - Body): This Pada discusses the different types of bodies that souls can possess.
- Five Types of Bodies:
  - Audārika (ઔદારિક - Gross/Physical)
  - Vaikriya (વૈક્રિય - Mutable/Transformable)
  - Āhāraka (આહારક - Necessary/Nourishing)
  - Taijasa (તેજસ - Luminous/Energetic)
  - Karmāṇa (કાર્માણ - Karmic/Subtle)
- Body Distribution: It details which types of bodies are possessed by beings in different realms (Narak, Deva, elemental beings, biological beings).
- Bound and Free Bodies (Baaddha - બદ્ધ, Mukta - મુક્ત): Discusses bodies that are bound by karma and those that are free, including their quantitative aspects (kala - time, kshetra - space, dravya - substance).
- Detailed Analysis: The text provides in-depth analysis of the qualities, dimensions, and existence of these bodies across various life forms.
Pada 13: Pariṇāma (પરિણામ - Transformation/State): This Pada focuses on the transformations or states that souls undergo.
- Two Main Types:
  - Jīva Pariṇāma (જીવ પરિણામ - Soul's Transformation)
  - Ajīva Pariṇāma (અજીવ પરિણામ - Non-soul's Transformation)
- Ten Types of Jīva Pariṇāma: It lists and explains ten types of soul transformations: Gati (destination/realm), Indriya (sense-organ), Kaṣāya (passions), Lēśyā (disposition/color of the soul), Yoga (activity of mind, speech, body), Upayoga (consciousness/attention), Jñāna (knowledge), Darśana (perception), Cāritra (conduct), and Veda (sexual disposition).
- Dravya-Paryāya (દ્રવ્ય-પર્યાય): The concepts of substance (dravya) and its changing states (paryāya) are central to understanding these transformations.
- Analysis of Specific Pariṇāmas: It elaborates on each of the ten soul transformations, explaining their characteristics and instances in different beings.
Pada 14: Kaṣāya (કષાય - Passions): This Pada discusses the four primary passions that drive karmic bondage.
- Four Kaṣāyas:
  - Krodha (ક્રોધ - Anger)
  - Māna (માન - Pride)
  - Māyā (માયા - Deceit)
  - Lobha (લોભ - Greed)
- Analysis by Realm: It examines the presence and intensity of these Kaṣāyas in beings across different realms.
- Dwellings and Causes: Discusses the "places" or causes for the manifestation of anger, pride, deceit, and greed.
- Types of Kaṣāya: Explains the four types of Kaṣāyas based on their duration and effect: Anantānu-bandhī (bound by eternity), Apakhyāna-varaṇa (preventing renunciation), Pratyyākhyāna-varaṇa (preventing partial renunciation), and Saṁyojana (partial) / Saṁvaraṇa (control).
Pada 15: Indriya (ઇન્દ્રિય - Sense-Organ): This Pada focuses on the five sense organs.
- Five Sense Organs: Śrota (śrōta - hearing), Cakṣu (cakṣu - sight), Ghraṇa (ghrāṇa - smell), Jihvā (jihvā - taste), and Sparśana (sparśana - touch).
- Characteristics: It details the form (saṁsthāna), thickness (bāhalyā), extent (vistāra), number of regions (pradēśa), and states of existence (avagāhanā) of each sense organ.
- Qualities: Discusses qualities associated with senses, such as Karaka (rough), Mr̥du (soft), Guru (heavy), Laghu (light), Snigdha (oily/smooth), Rūkṣa (dry/rough).
- Alpabahutva: Compares the prevalence and intensity of these qualities and the senses themselves across different beings.
- Analysis by Realm: Examines which beings possess which senses and their characteristics.
Pada 16: Prayoga (પ્રયોગ - Application/Action/Usage): This Pada discusses the actions or applications related to various principles.
- Fifteen Types of Prayoga: It lists fifteen categories of actions, including:
  - Manah Prayoga (મન:પ્રયોગ - Mental Action) - Satya (truthful), Asatya (untruthful), Satyamr̥ṣā (partially true/false), Asatyāmr̥ṣā (neither true nor false).
  - Vacan Prayoga (વચન પ્રયોગ - Speech Action) - Same four categories.
  - Kāya Prayoga (કાય પ્રયોગ - Bodily Action) - Related to the five types of bodies (Audārika, Vaikriya, Āhāraka, Taijasa, Kārmāṇa) and their mixed forms.
- Analysis by Realm: Examines which beings perform which types of Prayoga and under what conditions.
Pada 17: Lēśyā (લેશ્યા - Disposition/Color of the Soul): This Pada is dedicated to the six Lēśyās, which are the subtle colors or dispositions of the soul that result from karma and mental states.
- Six Lēśyās: Kṛṣṇa (kr̥ṣṇa - black), Nīla (nīla - blue), Kāpota (kāpōta - pigeon-colored/grey), Tejas (tējas - yellow/fiery), Padma (padma - red/pink), Śukla (śukla - white).
- Characteristics: It describes the appearance, taste, smell, and touch qualities associated with each Lēśyā.
- Distribution: Details which beings in which realms possess which Lēśyās.
- Alpabahutva: Compares the prevalence of different Lēśyās among various beings.
- Interchangeability of Lēśyās: Discusses the concept of Lēśyā transformation and how beings in certain states might exhibit characteristics of other Lēśyās.
Pada 18: Kāya-sthiti (કાયસ્થિતિ - Duration of Embodiment/Existence): This Pada deals with the lifespan or duration of existence for souls in different states.
- Lifespans: It provides detailed lifespans for beings across various realms (Narak, Deva, Tiryanc, Manushya, elemental beings) in their different states (Paryāpta - fulfilled, Aparyāpta - unfulfilled, Saṁjñī - sentient, Asaṁjñī - non-sentient).
- Bound and Free Lifespans: Differentiates between the lifespan of bodies that are bound by karma and those that are free.
- Specific Realms and Conditions: The text meticulously outlines the lifespans for beings in each specific Naraka, celestial realm, elemental category, and biological category.
- Cāritra and Yoga: Discusses the duration of existence related to Cāritra (conduct) and Yoga (mental, verbal, and physical activities).
Pada 19: Samyak-dṛṣṭi (સમ્યક-દૃષ્ટિ - Righteousness/Right Perception): This Pada focuses on the state of Righteousness (Samyak-dṛṣṭi) and its various manifestations.
- Three Types of Vision:
  - Samyak-dṛṣṭi (સમ્યગ્દૃષ્ટિ - Righteousness)
  - Mithyā-dṛṣṭi (મિથ્યાદૃષ્ટિ - Wrong Perception)
  - Miśra-dṛṣṭi (મિશ્રદૃષ્ટિ - Mixed Perception)
- Presence Across Realms: Examines which beings in different realms possess these types of vision.
- Jñāna and Cāritra: Discusses the relationship between these visions, knowledge (Jñāna), and conduct (Cāritra), and how they contribute to spiritual progress.
- Timeframes: Details the duration for which beings remain in these states.
Pada 20: Antakriyā (અંતક્રિયા - Final Action/Cessation): This final Pada, as presented in these pages, discusses concepts related to the final actions or cessation of existence.
- Rebirth and Final Action: It examines the process of rebirth and the "final action" or cessation of existence in different realms.
- Path to Liberation: Discusses how beings engage in actions that lead towards spiritual progress, potentially culminating in liberation.
- Merit and Demerit: It implicitly touches upon the karmic consequences of actions leading to different states of existence and ultimate liberation.

Commentary and Translation:

The text explicitly states that the translation and commentary are based on the works of Pujya Malayagiri Surishwarji (પૂ. મલયગિરિજી) and Pujya Haribhadra Surishwarji (પૂ. હરિભદ્રસૂરિજી), indicating a scholarly approach to understanding the original scriptures. The translation is done in Gujarati, making it accessible to Gujarati-speaking readers.

Acknowledgments and Support:

The initial pages are dedicated to acknowledging the inspiration and financial support received from numerous Acharyas (spiritual leaders) and Jain organizations. This highlights the collaborative nature of this monumental translation project.

Overall Impression:

This segment of the "Agam Satik Anuwad" provides a deep dive into the Pragnapana Sutra, a crucial text in Jainism that explores the intricate workings of karma, reincarnation, and the nature of existence. The detailed, systematic approach, the question-and-answer format, and the comprehensive analysis of concepts across various life forms and realms make it a valuable resource for Jain scholars and practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of these profound teachings. The meticulous attention to detail regarding lifespans, rebirth processes, and spiritual states underscores the depth of Jain philosophy.