Agam Satik Part 16 Vipak Aadi Sutro Gujarati Anuwad

Based on the provided Gujarati text, here is a comprehensive summary of the Jain text, "Agam Satik Part 16 Vipak Aadi Sutro Gujarati Anuwad," authored by Dipratnasagar and Deepratnasagar:

Overall Context and Purpose:

This volume, Part 16 of the "Agam Satik Anuwd" (Agam Sutra with Commentary Translation) series, is dedicated to the translation and commentary of two significant Jain Agams: the Vipakshrut (or Vipak Aadi Sutro) and the Oupapatik (or Oupapātik) Sutra. The series aims to make these foundational Jain scriptures accessible through translation and insightful commentary, making them understandable to a broader audience. The text emphasizes the importance of these Agams for understanding the consequences of actions (karma) and the process of birth and transmigration.

Key Agams Covered:

1. Vipakshrut (Angam Sutra - 11th Anga):

   • Meaning: The name "Vipakshrut" refers to the scripture that expounds on the "vipaka," the results or fruits of karma, both auspicious (shubh) and inauspicious (ashubh). It's considered the eleventh Anga of the Jain canon.
   • Structure: It contains two Shrutkandhas (sections):
     • Dukh Vipak (Suffering's Consequences): This section primarily focuses on the outcomes of inausp3icious actions and the resulting suffering. It comprises ten Adhyayanas (chapters).
     • Sukh Vipak (Happiness's Consequences): This section deals with the results of auspicious actions and the resulting happiness. It also contains ten Adhyayanas.
   • Content: The primary focus is on Dharmakathānuyog (the narrative aspect of Dharma), explaining the consequences of actions (karma vipaka). However, it also includes elements of Dravyanuyog (substance/reality) and Charankaranānuoyg (conduct and practice).
   • Key Theme: The fundamental principle illustrated is how actions lead to specific karmic consequences, shaping one's experiences in life, particularly concerning happiness and suffering. The text provides detailed narratives and examples to explain these principles.

2. Oupapatik (Upanga Sutra - 1st Upanga):

   • Meaning: The name "Oupapatik" refers to the concept of "upapata," which relates to the manifestation or descent of beings (like gods or beings in higher realms) into their existence, and their subsequent journey. It is considered the first Upanga Sutra.
   • Structure: This Sutra does not have a division into Shrutkandhas, Adhyayanas, or Uddeshas. It is presented as a collection of Sutras.
   • Content: While known for its Dharmakathānuyog content, it also incorporates insights from Charankaranānuoyg and Dravyanuyog. A notable feature is that the descriptions and narratives found within this Sutra are often referenced in other Agams (e.g., in the Bhagavati Sutra).
   • Significance: It elaborates on the concepts of rebirth, the nature of celestial beings, and the processes involved in the manifestation of life across different realms.

Detailed Breakdown of Content (as gleaned from the provided text):

The text provides a detailed, verse-by-verse translation and commentary of the two Agams. The summaries within the text reveal:

• Vipakshrut (Dukh Vipak - Chapters 1-10):

  • The chapters explore the consequences of negative actions through various life stories.
  • Chapter 1 (Mṛgāputra): Narrates the story of Mrigaputra, born with severe deformities and disabilities, highlighting the karmic retribution for past deeds. The narrative delves into his past life and the reasons behind his suffering.
  • Chapter 2 (Ujjhitak): Tells the story of Ujjhitak, a character who experiences the consequences of his cruel and unethical actions, including abandonment and suffering. His past lives are also referenced to illustrate the karmic cycle.
  • Chapter 3 (Abhagnasen): Focuses on the life of Abhagnasen, a leader of a gang of thieves, detailing his destructive activities and the severe karmic consequences he faces, including torture and rebirth in lower realms.
  • Chapter 4 (Shakat): Presents the story of Shakat, who, due to his past deeds, is born into adverse circumstances and experiences extreme hardship, including being cast out and suffering severe physical afflictions.
  • Chapter 5 (Brihasptidatta): Features the life of Brihasptidatta, a minister whose actions lead to karmic consequences, illustrating themes of attachment, betrayal, and the resulting suffering.
  • Chapter 6 (Nandivardhan): Narrates the story of Nandivardhan, whose actions lead to severe karmic repercussions, including falling into hellish realms.
  • Chapter 7 (Umbaradatta): Recounts the tale of Umbaradatta, whose past karma results in a life filled with suffering, disease, and hardship, emphasizing the inescapable nature of karmic consequences.
  • Chapter 8 (Shauryadatta): Details the life of Shauryadatta, a fisherman whose actions lead to a cycle of suffering, including a painful death and rebirth in lower realms, highlighting the karmic impact of harming living beings.
  • Chapter 9 (Brihasptidatta/Devadatta): This chapter seems to describe a character named Brihasptidatta (or Devadatta in some translations) and the karmic consequences associated with their life choices, possibly involving attachment and spiritual practice.
  • Chapter 10 (Umbaradatta/Anjushri): This chapter likely continues the exploration of karmic consequences through another narrative, perhaps focusing on a character named Umbaradatta or Anjushri, illustrating the results of their actions.

• Vipakshrut (Sukh Vipak - Chapters 1-10):

  • This section explores the positive consequences of virtuous actions, leading to happiness and favorable rebirths.
  • Chapter 1 (Subahu): Narrates the story of Subahu, a prince who, through his virtuous actions and spiritual inclination, experiences happiness and favorable circumstances, even embracing a path of limited religious observance. His past life is also discussed.
  • Subsequent Chapters (2-10): The remaining chapters likely follow a similar pattern, presenting narratives of characters like Bhadranandi, Sujat, Susvas, Jindas, Dhanapati, Mahabal, Mahachandra, and Vardatta, illustrating how virtuous deeds lead to positive outcomes and auspicious rebirths.

• Oupapatik Sutra:

  • The text begins by describing the city of Champa in detail, emphasizing its prosperity, orderliness, and freedom from vices, suggesting an ideal society that reflects favorable karmic conditions.
  • It then describes the Puṇyabhadrā Chaitya, a sacred shrine, and the worship practices associated with it.
  • The Sutra also details the grandeur of the city's layout, including its fortifications, streets, gardens, and public spaces.
  • It introduces King Koṇika and his interaction with Lord Mahavir, highlighting the spiritual teachings imparted.
  • The text describes various divine beings (Bhavanapati and Vyantar) and their manifestations, along with the characteristics of celestial realms.
  • It also elaborates on the descriptions of beings in hellish realms (Narakas) and their suffering, alongside the opulent existence of celestial beings.
  • The volume concludes with the description of the Trikaala Bodhi (knowledge of past, present, and future) and the final liberation (Siddha state) of beings.

Commentary Style:

The commentary ("tikānuśārī vivecan") aims to explain the original Sutras by referencing other commentaries (vritti) and relevant scriptural passages. Where the commentary is incomplete, the notation "-4-" is used. The authors clarify that the commentary often focuses on the meaning of words and provides detailed explanations, sometimes summarizing or omitting aspects that are already clear or redundant.

Publication Details:

• Publisher: Deepratnasagar
• Author(s): Dipratnasagar, Deepratnasagar
• Date: October 23, 2009
• Financial Support: The publication is acknowledged to be supported by various Jain Sangh (communities) and Trusts, indicating a communal effort in preserving and disseminating Jain knowledge. This suggests the series is a significant undertaking.

In essence, "Agam Satik Part 16" serves as a vital resource for understanding the core Jain principles of karma and its results through the stories and teachings presented in the Vipakshrut and Oupapatik Sutras. It bridges the gap between the complex original texts and the modern reader, offering both translation and insightful explanation.