Agam 45 Chulika 02 Anuyogdwar Sutra Shwetambar

This document is a scanned copy of the Anuyogdwar Sutra, an important Jain text from the Agam literature, specifically Agam 45 Chulika 02. The text is presented in its original Prakrit language, with scholarly introductions and detailed commentary.

Here's a breakdown of the content based on the provided pages:

I. Publisher and Editorial Information (Pages 1-5):

• Publisher: Jainanand Pustakalay, Surat.
• Sponsor/Support: Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra, Kobatirth, Gujarat. The text highlights the support and inspiration from various Acharyas and Munis within the Shwetambar tradition, emphasizing the lineage of spiritual masters.
• Editorial Team:
  • Revised and Edited by: Acharyadevesh Shri Anand Sagarsurishwarji Maharajashri.
  • Textualization (Alekhana Karya - Inspiring force): Pravachan Prabhavak Pu. Aa. Shri Hemchandrasagar Surishwarji Maharajashri's disciple, Pu. Ganivarya Shri Purnachandrasagarji Maharajashri.
  • Institutions involved in research and publication: Jainanand Pustakalay, Surat (founded by Pu. Sagarji Maharaj).
• Historical Context of Jain Agamas: Pages 6-10 provide a significant historical overview of the Jain Agamas. It discusses:
  • The divine origin of the Agamas from Lord Mahavir Swami's speech, compiled by the Ganadharas.
  • The transmission of knowledge through oral recitation (mukhpāṭh) in the initial period.
  • The history of six major recitations (Vachanas) of the Agamas, which occurred over a period of approximately 1000 years after Lord Mahavir's Nirvana. These recitations were crucial for preserving and systematizing the vast scriptural knowledge, especially during times of hardship and disarray in the monastic order due to famines, political upheavals, and the decline of memory retention.
  • The six recitations are mentioned by their respective locations and durations:
    1. First Recitation (Shrut Sankalan): Pataliputra (Patna), under the presidentship of Shri Skandhila Swami.
    2. Second Recitation (Agam Sanrakshan Vachana): Ujjain, under the guidance of Arya Suhasti Suri.
    3. Third Recitation: Mentioned in the context of King Kharavel of Kalinga, with the participation of 200 Jinakalpi monks, 300 Sthavirakalpi monks, and a large number of nuns and lay followers. The Eleven Angas and Ten Purvas were systematized.
    4. Fourth Recitation: Dashpur (Mandsaur), where Arya Rakshit Suri organized the four Anuyogas.
    5. Fifth Recitation: Mathura (for Uttara Path monks) and Valabhi (for Dakshina Path monks), due to the chaotic situation in the country.
    6. Sixth Recitation: Valabhpur (Valabhi), where Arya Devardhagni Kshamasramana and Arya Kalki Suri collaborated to consolidate the Agamas on palm leaves, creating written manuscripts of the 84 Agamas.
  • The text notes a gap of 1500 years after the sixth recitation without any mention of further recitations or scriptural preservation efforts.
  • It further discusses the decline of the Agamic tradition from the 10th century onwards due to societal changes and the dwindling of scholars, making Agamas rare even for the initiated.
  • The revival efforts in the 20th century are highlighted, particularly the role of highly virtuous monks who, despite challenging circumstances, diligently worked to preserve and publish the Agamic literature, organizing communal readings and disseminating knowledge.
  • The specific text being presented, the Anuyogdwar Sutra, is attributed to the research and editorial work of Acharya Shri Anand Sagarsurishwarji Maharajashri, also affectionately known as 'Pu. Sagarji M.'. The publication is by Jainanand Pustakalay, Surat.

II. The Anuyogdwar Sutra Text (Prakrit) (Pages 12 onwards):

The bulk of the document comprises the original Prakrit text of the Anuyogdwar Sutra. This Sutra is foundational in Jain philosophy, particularly in the Anuyoga (analytical or explanatory) category. It delves into profound philosophical concepts, systematically defining and categorizing them. Based on the visible text, the key themes and concepts discussed include:

• Knowledge (Naan): It begins by defining the five types of knowledge:
  1. Abhinibodhik Naan (sensory/empirical knowledge)
  2. Shruyt Naan (scriptural/learned knowledge)
  3. Avadhi Naan (clairvoyant knowledge)
  4. Manahparyav Naan (telepathic knowledge)
  5. Keval Naan (omniscience) It then discusses which types of knowledge are subject to definition, conceptualization, and analysis.
• Avasyak (Essential Duties/Practices): A significant portion of the text defines and categorizes 'Avasyak'. This includes:
  • Naam Avasyak (nominal)
  • Sthapana Avasyak (representative/symbolic)
  • Dravya Avasyak (material/substantial) - further divided into Aagam (scriptural) and Noaagam (non-scriptural).
  • Bhava Avasyak (mental/experiential) - also divided into Aagam and Noaagam. The text meticulously breaks down each category with examples and logical distinctions.
• Shruyt (Scriptural Knowledge): Similar to Avasyak, Shruyt is also categorized into Naam Shruyt, Sthapana Shruyt, Dravya Shruyt (Aagam and Noaagam), and Bhava Shruyt (Aagam and Noaagam).
• Khanda (Sections/Divisions): The concept of 'Khanda' (sections, like in the Twelve Angas) is analyzed and categorized.
• Anuyog Dwaras: The sutra systematically explores various concepts through the lens of its four Anuyogas (classification/analysis):
  • Upakrame (in terms of origin/beginning)
  • Nikshene (in terms of classification/categorization)
  • Anugame (in terms of connection/relationship)
  • Naye (in terms of philosophical viewpoints/predicates)
• Classification of various categories: The text demonstrates a highly analytical approach by classifying numerous concepts using sophisticated logical frameworks. This includes:
  • Classifications related to Dravya (substance): Dravya Anupurvi (sequential substance), Dravya Sankhya (quantitative substance), Dravya Kshetra (spatial), Dravya Kaal (temporal), Dravya Bhava (qualitative), and Dravya Pramana (measurements).
  • Classifications related to Naam (name): Exploring the vast system of naming conventions, including Ek Naame, Du Naame, Tinnaame, up to Das Naame, encompassing various categories like Vedic, musical, grammatical, and descriptive names.
  • Classifications related to Pramana (measurement): Analyzing different types of measurement for quantity, weight, volume, space, time, and qualities.
  • Classifications related to Vartavyata (speech/discourse): Differentiating between speech relating to the self, others, and both.
  • Classifications related to Naya (standpoints): Discussing various philosophical standpoints like Naigama, Sangraha, Vyavahara, Rijusutra, Shabda, Samabhirudha, and Evambhuta.
  • Classifications related to Nikshepa (classification): The text meticulously defines and categorizes the Nikshepas (Nama, Sthapana, Dravya, Bhava) and their sub-categories.

Overall Significance:

The Anuyogdwar Sutra, as presented in this edition, is a testament to the rigorous analytical and philosophical depth of Jainism. It provides a framework for understanding the universe and its constituents through a systematic and multifaceted approach. The detailed historical account of the Agamas underscores the efforts made by generations of Jain monks to preserve and propagate this invaluable spiritual knowledge. The meticulous classification of concepts is characteristic of the Anuyoga tradition, aiming for precise understanding and accurate interpretation of Jain doctrines.