Agam 45 Chulika 02 Anuyogdwar Sutra Part 02 - Book Summary

This is a comprehensive summary in English of the provided Jain text, "Agam 45 Chulika 02 Anuyogdwar Sutra Part 02":

Book Title: Agam 45 Chulika 02 Anuyogdwar Sutra Part 02 Author(s): Aryarakshit, Jambuvijay Publisher: Mahavir Jain Vidyalay, Mumbai Catalog Link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001107/1

This text is the second part of the Anuyogdwar Sutra, a significant Jain Agama text. It is critically edited by Muni Jambu vijaya, who is a disciple of Muniraja Shri Bhuvanavijayaji Maharaja, and follows in the lineage of Acharya Maladhari Hemachandra Suri, Acharya Yakini Mahattara son Shri Haribhadra Suri, and Acharya Jinadasagani Mahattara. The text is enriched with three important commentaries:

Churni by Acharya Jinadasagani Mahattara
Vivrti by Acharya Shri Haribhadra Suri
Vṛtti by Acharya Maladhari Shri Hemachandra Suri

The publication is presented as part of the Jaina-Agama-Series, No. 18 (2), by Shri Mahavira Jaina Vidyalaya, Mumbai. The first edition was published in Vir Samvat 2526 / Vikram Samvat 2056 / A.D. 2000.

Content Overview:

The Anuyogdwar Sutra is considered a key text for understanding the structure and content of the Jain Agamas. This second part of the Anuyogdwar Sutra, following Part I, covers the remaining sections of the text, from Sutra 313 to Sutra 606. The focus of the Anuyogdwar Sutra is to explain the categories and classifications used in Jain literature for understanding the fundamental principles and practices of Jainism.

Key Concepts and Sections Covered (as indicated by the table of contents and the commentaries):

The text is divided into major sections, further broken down into detailed topics, often elucidated by the commentaries. Based on the provided pages, the content of this volume primarily focuses on:

Pramana (Measurement/Quantity): This section delves into various types of measurements and quantities used in Jain philosophy and cosmology. It includes:
- Dravya Pramana: Measurement related to substance, further divided into:
  - Pradeshanishpanna (based on constituent parts/souls)
  - Vibhaganishpanna (based on division/classification)
    - Mana: Measurement by division (e.g., grains, liquids) with specific units like asatti, prasṛti, setika, kuḍava, prastha, āḍhaka, etc.
    - Unmana: Measurement by volume (e.g., karsha, pala, tula, bhara) used for substances like oils, metals, etc.
    - Avamāna: Linear measurement (e.g., hasta, daṇḍa, dhanuḥ, rājju, yojana).
    - Gaṇima: Enumeration or counting.
    - Pratimana: Measurement based on specific units, often related to precious items like guñjā, kākaṇī, niṣpava, etc.
- Kshetra Pramana: Measurement of space, including concepts of pradesha (region/space point) and vibhaga (division). It details the measurement of space in terms of angula (finger-breadth), vitasti (cubit), rasti, kṣi, dhanuḥ (bow-length), gavyūta, and yojana. It discusses various units of angula (Ātmāṅgula, utsedhāṅgula, pramāṇāṅgula) and their significance. The text also elaborates on the structure of the cosmos (loka) in terms of its dimensions and the concept of śreṇi (a unit of measurement).
- Kāla Pramana: Measurement of time, from the smallest unit of samaya to larger cycles. It defines units like āvalikā, muhūrta, aharātra (day), pakṣa (fortnight), māsa (month), ṛtu (season), ayana (half-year), saṃvatsara (year), and describes complex time cycles like palypa and sāgaropama, differentiating between subtle (sūkṣma) and common (vyavahārika) measures. It also details the lifespan of beings in different realms.
Bhava Pramana: Measurement of states or conditions. This includes:
- Guna Pramana: Qualities, divided into Jiva Guna (qualities of the soul) and Ajiva Guna (qualities of non-soul substances). Ajiva Guna are further classified into varna (color), gandha (smell), rasa (taste), sparsha (touch), and sansthāna (form). Jiva Guna are primarily discussed in terms of Jnana (knowledge), Darshana (perception), and Charitra (conduct).
- Naya Pramana: The role of different logical perspectives (naya) in understanding reality, illustrated with examples like prastaka, vasati, and pradesha.
- Sankhya Pramana: Enumeration and counting, covering various types of numbers and quantities like nāma, sthāpanā, dravya, auopamyā, parimāṇa, jñānā, gaṇanā, bhāva etc., and their sub-classifications. This section includes detailed discussions on gaṇanā (counting) with concepts of saṅkhyeya (countable), asaṅkhyeya (uncountable), and ananta (infinite), and their various permutations.
Vaktavyata: The way in which things are described or articulated. This is discussed in relation to svasamaya (one's own doctrine) and parasamaya (other doctrines), and how different nayavādins (adherents of different logical perspectives) would describe the same reality.
Samavatara: The coming together or manifestation of things, discussed in terms of nama (name), sthāpanā (representation), dravya (substance), kshetra (space), kāla (time), and bhava (state).
Nikshepa: This crucial concept categorizes all subjects of discourse into fourfold: nāma (name), sthāpanā (symbolic representation), dravya (substance), and bhāva (state). This is further elaborated for various entities like adhyayana (chapter), akṣīṇa (that which is not diminished), āyuḥ (lifespan), and kṣapaṇa (destruction/annihilation).
Sutrānugama and Niryuktyanugama: Explanations on how the sutras are to be understood, including the importance of proper pronunciation, the role of commentaries (niryukti), and the different logical perspectives (naya) used to understand Jain philosophy. The text also discusses the qualifications of a speaker and the listener in comprehending these profound teachings.

Commentaries and Editorial Work:

The text is critically edited by Muni Jambu vijaya, who meticulously worked with ancient palm-leaf manuscripts and paper manuscripts to establish the authentic text. The inclusion of the three commentaries by Jinadasagani, Haribhadra Suri, and Hemachandra Suri is invaluable for scholarly study, providing layered interpretations and explanations of the original sutras. The editor acknowledges the significant contributions of the late Muniraja Shri Punyavijayaji Maharaj, who initiated the critical editing of the original sutra text.

Significance:

The Anuyogdwar Sutra, particularly with these commentaries, serves as a foundational text for understanding the methodology and philosophical framework of Jainism. It provides the lexicon and the conceptual tools necessary for a deep study of Jain Agamas. The detailed classifications and measurements discussed are crucial for understanding Jain cosmology, ethics, and the path to liberation. The work of the Mahavir Jain Vidyalaya in publishing these ancient texts is highly commendable for preserving and making accessible this vital part of Jain heritage.

Note: The provided text contains extensive genealogies and biographical details of the esteemed Acharyas and Munis who contributed to this tradition of scholarship, highlighting their dedication to the study and preservation of Jain Agamas. It also includes detailed lists of other Agam Sutras published by the Shri Mahavira Jain Vidyalaya. The introduction also mentions the critical editorial work of Muniraja Shri Punyavijayaji Maharaj, who had critically edited the original text of the Anuyogdwar Sutra. The publication includes several appendices providing further context and reference material.The provided text is the second part of the Anuyogdwar Sutra, a significant Jain Agama text, critically edited by Muni Jambu vijaya. The book, published by Shri Mahavira Jaina Vidyalaya, Mumbai, is part of the Jaina-Agama-Series (No. 18 (2)). It is considered a vital text for understanding Jain philosophy, cosmology, and literature, providing a detailed framework for classifying and comprehending various Jain concepts.

This volume, as indicated by the " विषयानुक्रमः" (Table of Contents) and the commentaries, is part of a larger project to publish the Jain Agamas with their classical commentaries. The primary text, the Anuyogdwar Sutra, was critically edited by the late Muniraja Shri Punyavijayaji Maharaj. This second part includes Sutras 313 to 606 and is accompanied by three significant commentaries:

Churni by Acharya Jinadasagani Mahattara
Vivrti by Acharya Shri Haribhadra Suri
Vrtti by Acharya Maladhari Shri Hemachandra Suri

Key Aspects of the Text and its Commentaries:

Pramana (Measurement/Quantity): A significant portion of this volume deals with the concept of Pramana, the categories of measurement in Jainism. This includes detailed classifications of:
- Dravya Pramana: Measurement of substances, subdivided into pradesha-nishpanna (based on existence in space-points) and vibhāga-nishpanna (based on divisions and units).
- Kshetra Pramana: Measurement of space, discussing units like angula, hasta, vitasti, rājju, yojana, and the dimensions of the universe (loka). The text touches upon the intricate geometrical calculations for the structure of the universe as described in Jain cosmology.
- Kala Pramana: Measurement of time, detailing units from samaya (moment) to vast cosmic cycles like palyopama and sāgaropama. It also covers the lifespan of beings in different realms.
- Bhava Pramana: Measurement of states or conditions, particularly focusing on the qualities of soul (Guna) such as Jnana (knowledge), Darshana (perception), and Charitra (conduct).
Naya (Logical Perspectives): The text explains various logical viewpoints like Naigama, Sangraha, Vyavahāra, Ṛju-sūtra, Shabda, Samabhirūḍha, and Evambhūta. These are illustrated with examples to clarify how the same reality can be understood from different perspectives. The commentaries offer insights into the nuances of these perspectives.
Nikshepa: This fundamental concept of Jain philosophy, which classifies entities into four categories – nāma (name), sthāpanā (symbolic representation), dravya (substance), and bhāva (state) – is explained in detail for various subjects within the sutra.
Other Key Concepts: The text also elaborates on concepts like Upakrama (introduction/approach), Vaktavyata (what is to be said/described), Arthādhikāra (subject matter), Samavatara (coming together/manifestation), and their various subdivisions.
Editorial Rigor: The editorial work by Muni Jambu vijaya is highlighted, emphasizing the critical analysis of various ancient manuscripts to present an accurate text. The preface and introduction acknowledge the foundational work done by the late Muniraja Shri Punyavijayaji Maharaj in editing the primary text.
Scholarly Lineage: The text explicitly mentions the lineage of prominent Jain scholars and Acharyas, emphasizing the continuity of Jain intellectual tradition. The inclusion of commentaries by Haribhadra Suri and Hemachandra Suri, who are major figures in Jain literature, underscores the text's importance.
Biographical Details: The preface includes brief biographical sketches of the esteemed Acharyas and Munis associated with this work, such as Pujyapad Muniraja Shri Bhuvanavijayaji Maharaja, Pujyapad Muniraja Shri Punyavijayaji Maharaj, Acharya Shri VijaySiddhisurishwarji, and Acharya Shri VijayMeghsurishwarji, paying homage to their contributions.

Overall Significance:

This volume of the Anuyogdwar Sutra is an essential resource for scholars and students of Jainology. It provides a critical edition of a foundational Agama text along with its crucial commentaries, offering a comprehensive study of Jain logic, epistemology, cosmology, and the methodology of interpreting Jain scriptures. The meticulous editorial work and the inclusion of extensive commentaries make this publication a valuable contribution to Jain scholarship.

The publisher, Shri Mahavira Jaina Vidyalaya, has a history of publishing important Jain Agam Granthas, and this work is a continuation of that mission, aiming to satisfy the religious curiosity and facilitate deep study of Jainism. The publication also acknowledges the support of various individuals and trusts involved in this monumental task.