Agam 43 Uttarjjhayanam Chauttham Mulsuttam Mulam PDF File - Book Summary

The provided text is a lengthy excerpt from the Jain Agam scripture, specifically Uttaradhyayana Sutra (Uttarajjhayanam), Book 43, from a PDF file titled "Agam 43 Uttarjjhayanam Chauttham Mulsuttam Mulam" authored by Dipratnasagar and published by Deepratnasagar. The excerpt details the table of contents and the beginning verses of several chapters (adhyayana) of this important Jain text.

Here's a comprehensive summary based on the provided pages:

I. Title and Authorship:

Book Title: Agam 43 Uttarjjhayanam Chauttham Mulsuttam Mulam PDF File
Authors: Dipratnasagar, Deepratnasagar
Publisher: Deepratnasagar
Date of Modification (indicated): //2012
Series: Jain Aagam Online Series-43

II. Table of Contents (Ganthana-kramo):

The text provides a detailed list of the chapters (Adhyayana) and their corresponding verses (Gaha / Pithika). This table of contents covers chapters 1 through 36, indicating the breadth of the Uttaradhyayana Sutra. Some of the key chapters and their general themes mentioned are:

Chapter 1: Vinayasuya (विनयसुयं): Focuses on the importance of modesty and discipline.
Chapter 2: Parisahavibhanti (परिसहविभत्ती): Deals with the classification and endurance of hardships (Parisaha).
Chapter 3: Chaurangijjam (चाउरंगिज्जं): Likely discusses the four cardinal principles or stages of spiritual progress.
Chapter 4: Asankhyam (असंखयं): Possibly about the impermanence or countlessness of worldly existence or merits.
Chapter 5: Akamamaranijjam (अकाममरणिज्जं): Discusses unnatural death and its consequences.
Chapter 6: Khuddaganithijjam (खुड्डागनियंठिज्जं): Likely about lesser ascetics or minor practices.
Chapter 7: Urabhijjam (उरब्भिज्जं): The meaning is unclear without further context, but it's a distinct chapter.
Chapter 8: Kaviliyam (काविलीयं): The meaning is also unclear without context.
Chapter 9: Namipavajja (नमिपवज्जा): Narrates the story of King Nami's renunciation.
Chapter 10: Dumapattayam (दुमपत्तयं): Possibly uses the analogy of a falling leaf.
Chapter 11: Bahussuyapujjam (बहुस्सुयपुज्जं): Emphasizes respecting those who possess much knowledge.
Chapter 12: Hariyesijjam (हरिएसिज्जं): Likely relates to the monk Hariyesa.
Chapter 13: Chuttasambhuijjam (चित्तसंभूइज्जं): Possibly about collecting or cultivating the mind.
Chapter 14: Usuyarijjam (उसुयारिज्जं): The meaning is unclear, possibly relating to knowledge or practice.
Chapter 15: Sabhikkusam (सभिक्खुयं): Possibly about associating with monks.
Chapter 16: Brahmacaryasamadhanam (बंभचेरसमाहिठाणं): Focuses on the state of celibacy and mental composure.
Chapter 17: Pavasamaniyam (पावसमणिज्जं): Likely about avoiding or overcoming sin.
Chapter 18: Sanjayijjam (संजइज्जं): Possibly about self-control or restraint.
Chapter 19: Miyaputtijjam (मियापुत्तिज्जं): Possibly related to the teachings of Miyaputra.
Chapter 20: Mahanithijjam (महानियंठिज्जं): Likely about great ascetics or vows.
Chapter 21: Samudrapaliyam (समुद्दपालीयं): Possibly related to Samudrapala.
Chapter 22: Rahamemijjam (रहनेमिज्म): Likely about Rahalmi.
Chapter 23: Kesigoyemijjam (केसिगोयमिज्म): Focuses on the dialogue between Kesi and Gautama.
Chapter 24: Pavayamaya (पवयणमाया): Likely about the illusion or principles of Jain doctrine.
Chapter 25: Tavamaggagai (तवमग्गगई): The path of austerity.
Chapter 26: Charanavighi (चरणविही): Conduct and practice.
Chapter 27: Payadhanam (पायद्वाणं): Likely about protection or foundation.
Chapter 28: Kampayadi (कम्पयडी): The meaning is unclear.
Chapter 29: Lesajjhayanam (लेसज्झयणं): Chapters about karmic predispositions (Lesya).
Chapter 30: Jannyaijjam (जण्णइज्जं): Possibly about sacrifice or ritual.
Chapter 31: Samayari (सामायारी): Code of conduct or equanimity.
Chapter 32: Khalunkijjam (खलुंकिज्जं): The meaning is unclear.
Chapter 33: Mokshamaggagai (मोक्खमग्गगई): The path to liberation.
Chapter 34: Sammattaparakrame (सम्मत्तपरक्कमे): Efforts towards right faith.
Chapter 35: Anagaramaggagai (अणगारमग्गगई): The path of the homeless ascetic.
Chapter 36: Jivajivavibhanti (जीवाजीवविभत्ती): Distinction between soul and non-soul.

III. Commencement of Chapters and Key Themes:

The excerpt then proceeds to provide the initial verses of several chapters, illustrating the content and style:

Adhyayana 1: Vinayasuya (Pages 4-7):
- Emphasizes the importance of humility (vinaya) for monks.
- It advises against arrogance, speaking unnecessarily, and associating with bad company.
- Key virtues highlighted include patience, truthfulness, and adhering to the teachings of the Jinas.
- It stresses the need for self-control and devotion to the Guru.
- The verses guide monks on proper conduct during meals, speech, and interactions.
Adhyayana 2: Parisahavibhanti (Pages 7-9):
- Introduces the concept of twenty-two types of hardships (Parisaha) that a monk must endure.
- These hardships include hunger, thirst, cold, heat, insects, nudity, discomfort, women, wandering, discomfort in sitting or sleeping, abuse, assault, begging, lack of possessions, illness, contact with grass or dirt, itching, disrespect, scorn, ignorance, and false perception.
- The chapter details how to overcome each of these with equanimity and detachment, emphasizing patience and self-restraint.
Adhyayana 3: Chaurangijjam (Pages 9-10):
- Highlights the rarity and importance of four key elements for spiritual liberation: human birth, right knowledge (suta), faith (shraddha), and exertion in spiritual discipline (virya).
- It illustrates the cycle of birth and death through various life forms, emphasizing the consequences of karma.
- The chapter stresses the importance of utilizing human birth, the rarity of true knowledge and faith, and the need for strong exertion to achieve liberation.
Adhyayana 4: Asankhyam (Pages 10-11):
- Focuses on the impermanence of life and the need for diligence.
- It warns against carelessness and the pursuit of evil deeds, explaining that karma leads to suffering in this life and the next.
- The verses emphasize that wealth and relationships cannot offer true refuge during the time of death or karmic retribution.
- The importance of self-control, detachment from worldly desires, and constant awareness is stressed.
Adhyayana 5: Akamamaranijjam (Pages 11-14):
- Distinguishes between voluntary death (sakam-marana) and involuntary death (akam-marana).
- It criticizes those who are attached to worldly pleasures and indulge in sinful activities, leading to involuntary and painful death, and subsequent suffering in hell.
- The chapter advocates for voluntary death through rigorous asceticism and detachment, which leads to a noble spiritual state.
- It describes the consequences of attachment and the benefits of renunciation.
Adhyayana 6: Khuddaganithijjam (Pages 14-16):
- Emphasizes the suffering inherent in all beings due to ignorance and attachment.
- It highlights that worldly relationships and possessions are ultimately transient and cannot provide lasting protection.
- The verses advocate for non-violence and refraining from harming any living being.
- It critiques those who rely on mere external practices or superstitions without true spiritual understanding.
Adhyayana 7: Urabhijjam (Pages 16-18):
- Uses analogies to illustrate the fleeting nature of worldly pleasures and the importance of detachment.
- It compares worldly desires to dew drops on grass or water in a mirage, emphasizing their impermanence.
- The chapter encourages monks to overcome attachments and seek true spiritual liberation.
- It highlights the rarity of attaining human birth and the difficulty of practicing austerities and detachment.
Adhyayana 8: Kaviliyam (Pages 18-19):
- The specific themes are not clearly discernible from the initial verses alone, but it seems to touch upon worldly attachments and their consequences.
Adhyayana 9: Namipavajja (Pages 19-22):
- Narrates the story of King Nami, who renounced his kingdom and pleasures to become an ascetic.
- The chapter highlights the conversation between Nami and Indra (in the guise of a Brahmin), where Nami explains the transient nature of worldly power and possessions, and the superiority of spiritual pursuit.
- It emphasizes the importance of self-conquest over external victories.
Adhyayana 10: Dumapattayam (Pages 22-26):
- Uses the analogy of a falling leaf to depict the impermanence of life and the inevitability of old age and death.
- It urges individuals not to procrastinate in their spiritual practices, as time waits for no one.
- The verses stress the importance of cherishing human life and using it wisely for spiritual gain, warning against the loss of life and opportunities.
- It details the consequences of attachment and the decay of the body.
Adhyayana 11: Bahussuyapujjam (Pages 26-27):
- Emphasizes the importance of respecting and honoring those who possess extensive knowledge (Bahussuta).
- It compares the learned monk to various powerful and esteemed figures, like Indra, chakravartis, and mighty warriors, highlighting the respect and authority that comes with true wisdom.
- The chapter underscores the significance of diligent study and the assimilation of knowledge for spiritual progress.
Adhyayana 12: Hariyesijjam (Pages 27-29):
- Narrates the story of Hariyesa, a monk of humble origins who faced insults and accusations from a proud Brahmin community.
- Despite the harsh treatment and attempts to harm him, Hariyesa maintained his composure and explained the true nature of spiritual practice, emphasizing inner purity and the teachings of the Jinas over caste or external status.
- The chapter highlights the power of wisdom, non-violence, and detachment in overcoming adversity.
Adhyayana 13: Chuttasambhuijjam (Pages 29-32):
- Tells the story of Chitta and Sambhuta, two individuals who were born into royal families and achieved spiritual liberation.
- It illustrates the consequences of past karma and the importance of understanding the ephemeral nature of worldly pleasures.
- The chapter stresses that true happiness lies in renunciation and spiritual discipline, not in material possessions or sensory indulgences.
Adhyayana 14: Usuyarijjam (Pages 32-35):
- The story of King Usuyari and his spiritual journey is likely depicted here, emphasizing the renunciation of worldly attachments.
- It highlights the impermanence of life and the devastating effects of attachment to family, wealth, and power.
- The chapter likely guides the reader towards detachment and the pursuit of true spiritual knowledge.
Adhyayana 15: Sabhikkusam (Pages 35-36):
- The term "Sabhikkusam" might suggest the practice of collecting alms or the state of a monk.
- The initial verses focus on the qualities of a virtuous monk, including self-control, detachment from worldly affairs, and adherence to spiritual discipline.
- It describes the monk's behavior and mindset as being free from desires and attachments.
Adhyayana 16: Brahmacaryasamadhanam (Pages 36-38):
- This chapter is dedicated to the practice of Brahmacharya (celibacy) and mental composure.
- It outlines ten principles or conditions for maintaining strict celibacy, warning against anything that could lead to straying from this path, such as inappropriate speech, associations, dwelling, sensory indulgence, or dwelling on past pleasures.
- The verses emphasize the need for extreme caution and control over the senses and mind to uphold this vow.
Adhyayana 17: Pavasamaniyam (Pages 38-40):
- This chapter likely deals with avoiding or overcoming sinful actions (pavam).
- It highlights various negative behaviors and attitudes that hinder spiritual progress, such as lack of discipline, disrespect towards elders, anger, falsehood, and attachment to worldly things.
- The verses warn against actions that lead to negative karma and suffering.
Adhyayana 18: Sanjayijjam (Pages 40-43):
- The chapter begins with the story of King Miyaputra, who was captivated by the spiritual wisdom of a monk.
- It illustrates the monk's profound understanding of karma, the impermanence of life, and the consequences of attachment.
- The chapter highlights the monk's ability to overcome fears and attachments, and the king's subsequent renunciation.
- It further mentions various kings and ascetics who achieved liberation through their spiritual practices.
Adhyayana 19: Miyaputtijjam (Pages 43-49):
- This chapter narrates the story of Miyaputra's renunciation after witnessing the consequences of actions.
- It depicts the harsh realities of karmic retribution and the suffering experienced in various life forms and hells.
- The verses strongly emphasize the need for renunciation, detachment, and the practice of the Jina's teachings to escape the cycle of suffering.
- It details the intense austerities and experiences of Miyaputra.
Adhyayana 20: Mahanithijjam (Pages 49-53):
- The chapter begins with the story of King Seniya of Magadha meeting a monk named Mahanitha.
- The king, impressed by the monk's detachment from worldly pleasures, discusses the concept of "having no refuge" (anaho) in the context of worldly power versus spiritual freedom.
- The monk explains that true refuge is found in self-control and detachment, not in external possessions or relationships.
- It further touches upon the illusion of worldly attachments and the path to liberation.
Adhyayana 21: Samudrapaliyam (Pages 53-55):
- The chapter likely narrates the story of Samudrapala and his spiritual realization.
- The verses emphasize the impermanence of life and the importance of renunciation, even from royalty, to achieve true spiritual progress.
- It highlights the monk's detachment and the king's eventual realization.
Adhyayana 22: Rahamemijjam (Pages 55-58):
- This chapter seems to focus on the story of Rahalmi and her spiritual journey, possibly involving detachment from worldly life.
- It includes a dialogue with Vasudeva, where the woman emphasizes the importance of spiritual detachment and renunciation over worldly attachments.
- The verses highlight the fleeting nature of worldly pleasures and the ultimate path to liberation through self-control.
Adhyayana 23: Kesigoyemijjam (Pages 58-63):
- This chapter depicts a significant dialogue between Kesi, a disciple of the Jain Tirthankara Parshvanatha, and Gautama, a disciple of Lord Mahavira.
- The discussion revolves around the nuances of Jain doctrine, such as the different types of souls, the path of liberation, and the subtle differences in their philosophies.
- It showcases the intellectual rigor and the depth of Jain philosophy as expounded by its great disciples.
- Key concepts discussed include the nature of attachment (lava), desire (asha), karma, and the path to liberation (moksha).
Adhyayana 24: Pavayamaya (Pages 63-69):
- This chapter, "Pavayamaya," likely discusses the principles or the illusion of the Jain path.
- It details the importance of proper conduct, including the five samitis (carefulness in movement, speech, eating, handling objects, and excretion) and the three guptis (control of mind, speech, and body).
- The verses emphasize carefulness in all actions and the avoidance of harming any living being.
Adhyayana 25: Jannyaijjam (Pages 69-71):
- The chapter begins with the story of Jayaghosa and Vijayaghosa, illustrating the importance of righteous conduct and understanding the true meaning of Vedic rituals versus true spiritual knowledge.
- It highlights the superiority of true knowledge and detachment over mere ritualistic practices.
- The verses emphasize that true Brahmins are those who possess virtue, detachment, and knowledge, not just by birth.
Adhyayana 26: Samayari (Pages 71-73):
- This chapter is titled "Samayari," which refers to equanimity, proper conduct, or code of conduct for ascetics.
- It outlines the ten essential components of Samayari for monks and nuns, including introspection, confession, repentance, renunciation, and adherence to various disciplines and vows.
- The verses detail the practices that lead to spiritual purification and liberation.
Adhyayana 27: Khalunkijjam (Pages 73-74):
- The meaning of "Khalunkijjam" is unclear without further context, but the initial verses seem to touch upon the challenges faced by ascetics and the importance of steadfastness.
- It might refer to overcoming obstacles or difficulties in the spiritual path.
Adhyayana 28: Mokshamaggagai (Pages 74-78):
- This chapter, "Mokshamaggagai," explicitly describes the path to liberation (Moksha).
- It outlines the essential components: Right Knowledge (Naya), Right Perception (Darshana), Right Conduct (Charitra), and Austerity (Tapa).
- The verses detail the different types of knowledge and the practices necessary to achieve liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
- It discusses the importance of various forms of faith and the elimination of destructive karma.
Adhyayana 29: Sammattaparakrame (Pages 78-80):
- This chapter, "Sammattaparakrame," focuses on the "effort towards Right Faith."
- It details numerous virtues and practices that contribute to spiritual progress, starting with conviction (samvega) and detachment (nirveda).
- The extensive list includes various forms of devotion, introspection, repentance, penance, self-control, knowledge, and the eradication of passions and karma.
- Each practice is explained in terms of its benefit for spiritual advancement and karmic purification.
Adhyayana 30: Anagaramaggagai (Pages 80-83):
- This chapter, "Anagaramaggagai," describes the path of the homeless ascetic.
- It stresses the importance of renouncing worldly attachments, including family, wealth, and sensory pleasures.
- The verses guide monks on proper conduct regarding food, shelter, and interactions, emphasizing detachment and non-violence.
Adhyayana 31: Jivajivavibhanti (Pages 83-108):
- This chapter, "Jivajivavibhanti," is a lengthy and detailed exposition on the distinction between living beings (Jiva) and non-living substances (Ajiva) within the Jain cosmological framework.
- It provides extensive classifications of different types of souls and non-living matter based on their attributes, lifespans, and forms.
- The chapter meticulously describes the categories of beings in different realms (hells, animals, humans, gods), their lifespans, karmic dispositions (Lesya), and the nuances of their existence.
- The detailed breakdown of the six Lesyas (black, blue, grey, yellow, red, white) and their associated qualities, lifespans, and impact on karma is a significant part of this chapter.

IV. Overall Significance:

The Uttaradhyayana Sutra, as represented by this excerpt, is a foundational text in Jainism. It serves as a guide for ascetics and householders alike, providing ethical teachings, philosophical insights, and practical advice for spiritual advancement and ultimate liberation (Moksha). The emphasis on self-control, detachment, non-violence, austerity, and right conduct is pervasive throughout the chapters presented. The text utilizes stories, analogies, and detailed classifications to convey its profound spiritual message.