Agam 42 Mool 03 Dashvaikalik Sutra - Book Summary

Here is a comprehensive summary of the Jain text, Agam 42 Mool 03 Dashvaikalik Sutra, based on the provided information:

Book Title: Agam 42 Mool 03 Dashvaikalik Sutra Author: Mishrimalmuni Publisher: Marudharkesari Sahitya Prakashan Samiti, Jodhpur

Overall Description:

The Dashvaikalik Sutra is a fundamental text within the Jain tradition, specifically within the Agam literature. It is considered one of the four "Mool" (root) Agamas. The text is described as an extensive treatise on the conduct and thought processes of Jain monks and ascetics. It is highly valued for its comprehensive and accessible presentation of essential Jain principles and practices. The publisher highlights its significance, stating that it is the "gagar mein sagar" (ocean in a pot) of Jain scripture, offering profound teachings in a concise manner. This particular edition is noted for its translation from Sanskrit, inclusion of Hindi poetic verses (pady) and prose, and a special appendix, making it a valuable resource for understanding Jain monasticism.

Key Themes and Content:

The Dashvaikalik Sutra covers a wide range of topics crucial for a Jain monk's life, focusing primarily on Achar (Conduct). The core subjects discussed include:

Ahimsa (Non-violence) and Jivdaya (Compassion for Living Beings): These foundational Jain principles are thoroughly explained.
Bhiksha Vidhi (Rules of Alms-gathering): The proper and ethical methods for monks to receive their sustenance are detailed.
Vakya Prayog (Speech Etiquette): Guidance on appropriate and mindful use of language.
Vinaya Vyavahar (Behavioral Conduct): The importance of respect, humility, and proper interaction with others, especially elders and teachers.
Samanya Achar (General Conduct): A broad discussion of the daily routines and ethical behavior expected of an ascetic.

Significance and Context:

One of the Four Mool Agamas: This underscores its foundational importance in Jain scripture.
Primary Text for Monk's Training: It is mentioned that newly initiated monks (Shramanas) often memorize this text first as it is considered essential for understanding the prescribed conduct.
"Ocean in a Pot": This metaphor emphasizes its ability to convey vast and deep knowledge in a compact form.
Historical and Literary Value: The edition includes Sanskrit commentary and poetic translations, indicating its long-standing influence and the elaborate scholarly work undertaken on it over centuries. The introduction mentions various commentaries like Niyukti, Bhashya, Churni, and Vrittis, attesting to its enduring relevance.

Author and Publisher:

Author: Mishrimalmuni (referenced as Muni Shri Mishrimallji Maharaj, a prominent figure known for his scholarly and service activities).
Publisher: Shri Marudharakesari Sahitya Prakashan Samiti, Jodhpur. The committee is dedicated to publishing Jain religious and literary works, as evidenced by their other publications mentioned in the introductory sections.

Special Features of this Edition:

Sanskrit Original: The text is based on the Sanskrit version compiled by Arya Shyayyambhav.
Hindi Translation: It provides both poetic (pady) and prose (gady) translations in Hindi.
Special Appendix: A dedicated section offering supplementary information.
Commemorative Publication: This edition was published in observance of the 25th Nirvana Centenary of Lord Mahavir, highlighting its timely release and cultural significance.

Key Teachings from the Detailed Pages:

The provided pages detail the initial studies within the Dashvaikalik Sutra, specifically:

Chapter 1: Drum-pushpika Adhyayan: Focuses on Dharma as the highest auspiciousness, the importance of non-violence, self-control, and penance. It uses the analogy of a bee collecting nectar from flowers without harming them to illustrate the monk's conduct in alms-gathering.
Chapter 2: Shramanya-purvaka Adhyayan: Discusses the principles of asceticism, emphasizing the need to control desires, overcome attachment to sensory pleasures, and detachment from worldly possessions and comforts. It also highlights the importance of maintaining equanimity and non-attachment even in pleasant situations.
Chapter 3: Kshullaka-Acharakatha Adhyayan: Outlines the general conduct and prohibitions for monks, detailing what actions are considered improper or "anachirna" for them. This includes a long list of things to avoid, such as certain types of food, activities related to hygiene, adornment, and interactions with the household.
Chapter 4: Shadjivanika Adhyayan: This chapter delves into the concept of the six types of living beings (Prithvi-kayika, Ap-kayika, Teju-kayika, Vayu-kayika, Vana-spati-kayika, and Trasa-kayika) and the principles of non-violence (Ahimsa) towards each of them. It emphasizes the strict adherence to non-violence in all actions, thoughts, and words.
Chapter 5: Pindeshana Adhyayan: This chapter focuses on the meticulous rules and precautions monks must observe while collecting alms (bhiksha). It details guidelines on what to accept, what to reject, how to behave while going for alms, and the importance of vigilance to avoid any harm to living beings or the practice of asceticism.
Chapter 6: Mahachar-katha Adhyayan: This chapter discusses the "Great Conduct" and outlines eighteen specific points or places of potential downfall for ascetics, emphasizing the need for constant vigilance and adherence to principles like non-violence, truthfulness, celibacy, non-possession, and avoiding night-eating.
Chapter 7: Vakya-shuddhi Adhyayan: This chapter focuses on the purity of speech. It provides detailed guidance on what kind of language is appropriate and what should be avoided. This includes speaking truthfully, avoiding harsh or divisive words, and refraining from gossip or untruthful statements, especially concerning future events or conditions.
Chapter 8: Achar-Pranidhi Adhyayan: This chapter emphasizes the importance of correct conduct and mindfulness in all aspects of a monk's life. It stresses the need for vigilance regarding subtle living beings, proper handling of alms, and maintaining a pure and detached attitude.
Chapter 9: Vinaya-Samadhi Adhyayan: This chapter is dedicated to the paramount importance of Vinaya (Humility and Respect), particularly towards spiritual guides (Acharyas and Upadhyayas). It highlights how true knowledge, conduct, and ultimately salvation (Moksha) are attained through proper Vinaya. It also discusses the four types of Samadhi (concentration) – Vinaya-samadhi, Shruta-samadhi, Tapa-samadhi, and Achar-samadhi.
Chapter 10: Samikshu Adhyayan: This chapter focuses on the characteristics and conduct of an ideal monk (Bhikkhu or Samikshu). It describes a monk as one who is detached, vigilant, non-violent, truthful, humble, and dedicated to spiritual practices like penance, meditation, and study.

The publication is a testament to the dedication of Mishrimalmuni and the Marudharakesari Sahitya Prakashan Samiti in preserving and disseminating this vital Jain text.