Agam 35 Chhed 02 Bruhatkalpa Sutra Part 02 - Book Summary

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Agam 35 Chhed 02 Bruhatkalpa Sutra Part 02," based on the provided pages:

Book Title: Agam 35 Chhed 02 Bruhatkalpa Sutra Part 02 Author(s): Bhadrabahuswami, Chaturvijay, Punyavijay Publisher: Atmanand Jain Sabha

This text is the second part of the extensive Brihat Kalpa Sutra, a foundational Jain scripture dealing with monastic conduct and rules. Part 2 specifically covers the first chapter (Udesha) of the Brihat Kalpa Sutra, focusing on the subjects of "Pralamba Prakrit" and "Masa Kalpa Prakrit."

Key Aspects and Content Summary:

The provided pages (1-44) detail the publication information, acknowledgments, and the detailed table of contents (Vishayanukram) for the second volume of the Brihat Kalpa Sutra. The summary below focuses on the textual content as indicated by the table of contents.

Overall Structure:

This volume is Part 2 of the Brihat Kalpa Sutra, featuring the commentary (Niyukti-Laghu Bhashya-Vritti) and original text. It begins with the first chapter (Pratham Adhyayan or Pratham Uddesha), which itself is divided into two main sections:

Pralamba Prakrit (सूत्र अधिकारः): This section deals with various rules and prohibitions related to specific items and situations.
Masa Kalpa Prakrit (मासकल्पप्रकृत): This section focuses on regulations pertaining to the time period of a month, particularly concerning the monastic sojourn (Vasa) and related practices.

Detailed Breakdown of Content (based on the Table of Contents):

I. Pralamba Prakrit (प्रलम्बप्रकृत-मासकल्पप्रकृतात्मकः)

This first section is further broken down into several topics, each introduced by a "Dwar" (gate or topic):

Anugam Dwar (अनुगमद्वारम्):
- Discusses the methodology of understanding the scripture, including different types of Anugama (following the text) and Nirikshepa (classification).
- Explains the significance of the initial syllable 'No' (Nokar) in the scripture, highlighting its auspiciousness and the refutation of its inauspiciousness.
- Details the meanings of key terms like 'Grantha' (possession/attachment), 'Aama' (unripe), 'Tala' (palm tree), 'Pralamba' (hanging fruit/part of a tree), and 'Bhinna' (separated/distinct).
- Explains the concept of Chalan (questioning/challenging an interpretation) and Pratyavasthana (rebuttal/answer).
Grantha Dwar (ग्रन्थद्वार):
- Defines 'Grantha' (possession) in both external (material objects like land, wealth, grain) and internal (karmic attachments like anger, pride, greed, delusion) aspects.
- Lists the ten types of external possessions prohibited for monks.
- Details the fourteen types of internal possessions (kashayas and other afflictions).
- Explains the concept of 'Nirgrantha' (one who is free from possessions) and its etymology.
Aama Dwar (आमद्वार):
- Discusses the classification of 'Aama' (unripe) into four types: Namas (name), Sthapana (convention), Dravya (material), and Bhava (psychological).
- Elaborates on the four types of Dravya Aama (material unripe items): Utsedima, Samvedima, Upaskrita, and Paryayita.
- Details the sub-types of Paryayita Aama based on modes of ripening (using fuel, smoke, fragrance, and trees).
Tala Dwar (तालद्वार):
- Explains the concept of 'Tala' (palm tree) in its various aspects (name, convention, material, and psychological).
- Differentiates between the fruit (Tala) and the tree (Tala), and the fruit (Pralamba) and the root (Mula).
- Lists various types of fruits and roots that fall under this category.
Pralamba Dwar (प्रलम्बद्वार):
- Explains the meaning of 'Pralamba' (hanging fruit or part of a tree).
- Discusses its classification into types like roots, stems, fruits, etc.
- Delves into the Prashchitta (penance) for transgressions related to the acquisition of these items.
- Explores various scenarios and the associated consequences, including the role of Darshana (viewpoint) and Naya (perspective).
- Covers situations involving different types of inhabitants (monks, nuns, laypeople), external factors (karma, time, place), and the purity or impurity of the items.
Bhinna Dwar (भिन्नद्वार):
- Explains the concept of 'Bhinna' (separated/distinct) in terms of Dravya (material) and Bhava (psychological).
- Details the four-fold classification (Chaturbhangi) of Bhinna and Abhinna (undivided) items.
- Outlines the associated Prashchitta (penance) for transgressions related to these classifications.
Pratyavashyak (प्रत्यावश्यक):
- Discusses the concept of Pratyavashyak (necessary actions or essential duties).
- Covers various rules and prohibitions related to monk's conduct.
Aadna-Anvasth-Mithyatva-Viradhana Dwar (आज्ञा-अनास्था-मिथ्यात्व-विराधना द्वार):
- Explains transgressions related to disobeying injunctions (Aadna), lack of faith (Anavastha), wrong beliefs (Mithyatva), and violation of vows (Viradhana).
- Details the associated Prashchitta (penance) for these transgressions, considering different contexts like monastic rules, aiding others, and personal conduct.
Abhinn-Vidhi-Bhinna Dwar (अभिन्-विधि-भिन्न द्वार):
- Focuses on the rules and penances associated with the Abhinna (undivided) and Bhinna (divided) categories of items, particularly in relation to valid (Vidhi) and invalid (Avidhi) acquisition or use.
Prahlambadi Grahana-Prakarana (प्रलम्बादि ग्रहण प्रकरण):
- This section likely details the various rules and prohibitions concerning the handling and acquisition of specific items like Pralamba and Tala.
- Discusses the concepts of Yatharth (appropriate) and Ayatharth (inappropriate) actions, and the associated penances.
Shuddha-Ashuddha Prakriya (शुद्धाशुद्ध प्रक्रिया):
- Covers the purification methods and standards for items.
- Discusses the concept of impurity (Ashuddha) and purity (Shuddha) in relation to monastic possessions and actions.
Shuddha-Prakriya-Nishkramaṇa Dwara (शुद्धप्रक्रिया निष्क्रमण द्वार):
- Details the procedures related to purity and the monastic act of leaving a place (Nishkramaṇa).
Grahana-Upadhi Vyavahara (ग्रहण-उपाधि व्यवहार):
- Focuses on the rules related to the acquisition and handling of possessions (Upadhi).
- Discusses the various practices and regulations concerning what monks can and cannot possess.
Gomala-Gopala-Vrishabha (गोमला-गोपाल-वृषभ):
- This section likely deals with rules related to animals, their care, or their products, and the conduct of monks in relation to them.
Galaan-Chikitsa (ग्लान-चिकित्सा):
- Explains the procedures and rules related to the care of the sick monk (Glaana).
- Discusses the role of physicians (Vaidya), their qualifications, and the permissible actions in treating illness.
- Details the necessary preparations, interactions, and prescribed actions (Chikitsa Vidhi).
Purahkarma, Anuyana, Shuddhi (पुरःकर्म, अनुयान, शुद्धि):
- Purahkarma (पुरःकर्म): Discusses preliminary actions and preparations before a journey or specific monastic activity.
- Anuyana (अनुयान): Covers rules related to traveling together or following a particular path, possibly related to processions or group movements.
- Shuddhi (शुद्धि): Focuses on purification rituals or procedures.
Vya-Yadashya-Shuddhi Prakriya (व्यायादश्याः शुद्धि प्रक्रिया):
- Covers the purification of actions and items that might be considered impure.
Sanghata-Sammilana (सङ्घात-सम्मेलन):
- Deals with the rules related to group assembly (Sangha) or meeting (Sammilana) of monks.
Gachha-Nirbandha (गच्छ-निर्बन्ध):
- Focuses on the rules and conduct related to the monastic community (Gachha) and its obligations or restrictions (Nirbandha).
Vicharana-Nirbandha (विचारणा-निर्बन्ध):
- Discusses the rules related to contemplation, decision-making, and the associated obligations.
Kriya-Vidhi (क्रिया-विधि):
- Outlines the correct procedures and actions for various monastic practices.
Vidhi-Avidhi (विधि-अविधि):
- Distinguishes between actions that are in accordance with the rules (Vidhi) and those that are not (Avidhi), and the penances associated with transgressions.

II. Masa Kalpa Prakrit (मासकल्पप्रकृत)

This second section of the first chapter details the rules concerning the monastic retreat or stay (Vasa) during specific periods, particularly the rainy season (Chaturmas) and the colder months (Hemanta, Grishma).

Nigrantha-Nigranthi Rules (निर्ग्रन्थ-निर्ग्रन्थी नियम):
- Covers the rules applicable to both male and female ascetics.
- Details the permitted duration of stay (Masa-Vasa) in various settlements, villages, towns, etc.
- Explains the distinctions in rules for monks (Nigrantha) and nuns (Nigranthi).
Dwelling Places (स्थान-निवास):
- Discusses the rules regarding where monks can stay, differentiating between villages, towns, cities, and other locations.
- Covers rules about residing inside and outside fortified areas.
Prakrita-Vyavahara (प्रकृत व्यवहार):
- Focuses on the general conduct and behavior expected from monks and nuns.
Gachha-Viharas (गच्छ-विहार):
- Details the rules for the movement and residence of monastic communities (Gachha) and individual monks (Vihara).
- Covers rules for staying in villages and towns, and the associated protocols.
Sama-Chari (समाचार):
- Outlines the daily conduct, routines, and prescribed behaviors for monks and nuns.
Sthavira-Kalpika-Jinakalpika (स्थविरकल्पिक-जिनकल्पिक):
- This is a crucial distinction within Jain monasticism.
- Sthavira Kalpika: Those who follow the conduct prescribed by senior monks, often adhering to a more structured and communal lifestyle.
- Jina Kalpika: Those who follow the strict, ascetic path attributed to the Jinas (liberated souls), often involving more solitary and rigorous practices.
- The text details the specific rules, conduct, qualifications, and conduct for both these groups, particularly in relation to their dwellings, movements, and interactions.

Overall Purpose:

The Brihat Kalpa Sutra is a comprehensive guide for Jain ascetics, ensuring adherence to the strict ethical and disciplinary codes laid down by the Tirthankaras. Part 2, as represented by this volume, delves into intricate details of monastic life, covering a wide spectrum of situations and their prescribed solutions, emphasizing purity of conduct, restraint, and adherence to the path of liberation.

This summary is based on the chapter titles and the implied scope from the detailed table of contents provided in the initial pages. The actual text would contain the intricate philosophical explanations, case studies, and detailed rulings provided by the ancient commentators.