Agam 29 Mool 02 Dasvaikalik Sutra Stahanakvasi - Book Summary

This Jain text is the Dasavaikalik Sutra (दशवैकालिक सूत्र), which is considered a fundamental text in Jainism. It is part of the Anga literature, specifically categorized as a Mool Sutra (मूल सूत्र) within the Shvetambar tradition. The provided text is likely a Hindi commentary or translation of this important scripture.

Here's a comprehensive summary based on the provided text, covering its publication details, content, and significance:

Publication and Editorial Information:

Book Title: Agam 29 Mool 02 Dasvaikalik Sutra Stahanakvasi (Agam 29 Mool 02 Dasvaikalik Sutra, pertaining to the Sthanakvasi tradition, likely indicating a specific edition or commentary style).
Author(s): Shayyambhavsuri (mentioned as the original author of the sutra), Madhukarmuni (convener and editor), Shobhachad Bharilla, Pushpavati Mahasati (translator and annotator), and others on the editorial board.
Publisher: Agam Prakashan Samiti, Beawar (Rajasthan).
Inspiration: Late Swami Sri Brijlalji Maharaj.
Key Contributors: Late Yuvacharya Sri Mishrimalji Maharaj 'Madhukar' (editor), Siddhantacharya Mahasati Pushpavati (translator and annotator).
Occasion: Published in remembrance of Rev. Guru Shri Joravarmalji Maharaj.
Editions: This appears to be the third edition, published in July 2000 (Vir Nirvana Samvat 2526 / Vikram Samvat 2057).
Content: The edition includes the original text, Hindi translation, commentary (vachan), annotations, and appendices.

Significance and Overview of the Dasavaikalik Sutra:

Category: It is classified as an Angabahya (अंगबाह्य) Agam and an Utkalika (उत्कालिक) scripture. It holds a significant place among the Mool Sutras (मूल सूत्र), which are considered foundational for understanding Jain conduct and philosophy.
Purpose: The Dasavaikalik Sutra primarily deals with Shraman Achar (श्रमणाचार), the code of conduct for Jain monks and nuns. It is highly valued for its comprehensive yet concise presentation of essential principles for spiritual aspirants, making it a guiding light for them. It is also seen as beneficial for laypeople to adopt ethical practices in their daily lives.
Structure: The sutra is divided into ten chapters (अध्ययन), and it also includes two Chulikas (चूलिका), which are supplementary sections often providing further clarification or elaboration.
Author of the Sutra: The original sutra is attributed to Acharya Sayyambhav (आचार्य शय्यंभव), who was a learned scholar and a disciple of Acharya Prabhav. It is believed he composed it for his son-disciple Manaka, who had a short lifespan, to help him achieve spiritual liberation quickly.
Historical Context: The sutra is estimated to have been composed about 80 years after Lord Mahavir's Nirvana. Its composition is believed to have occurred in Champa.
Importance in Study Curriculum: After its composition, the Dasavaikalik Sutra became the primary text for monks to study, taking precedence over the Acharanga Sutra for initial ethical training.

Key Themes and Content of the Ten Chapters (as described in the text):

The provided text extensively summarizes each of the ten chapters, highlighting their core teachings:

Drumpushpika (द्रुमपुष्पिका): Discusses the nature of Dharma (धर्म), its definition (Ahimsa, Samyam, Tap), its supreme auspiciousness, and the importance of following the path of Dharma with dedication. It also beautifully illustrates the monk's pure alms-gathering (Madhukari Vritti) through the analogy of a bee collecting nectar from flowers without harming them.
Shramanopurvaka (श्रामण्य-पूर्वक): Focuses on the crucial aspect of Kama Vijaya (कामविजय) – victory over lust and desire. It emphasizes that without controlling lust, true monasticism (Shraman) is impossible. The narrative of Rathnemi and Rajimati is used to illustrate how steadfastness in Jain practices can overcome carnal desires.
Kshullakacharakatha (क्षुल्लक-आचारकथा): Deals with Achar (आचार) and Anachar (अनाचार) – right and wrong conduct for monks. It lists numerous forbidden actions (anachars) that monks must avoid for the sake of spiritual progress. The text notes that this chapter provides a general overview of anachars, while the Mahachar-katha elaborates further.
Shatjivanika (षड्जीवनिका): This chapter is also known as Dharmaprajnapti (धर्मप्रज्ञप्ति). It details the concept of Shatjivanika (षड्जीवनिकाय) – the six types of living beings (earth-bodied, water-bodied, fire-bodied, air-bodied, plant-bodied, and mobile beings) and the principle of Ahimsa (अहिंसा) towards them. It also expounds on the Panch Mahavratas (पंच महाव्रत) (non-violence, truth, non-stealing, celibacy, non-possession) and the importance of right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct for spiritual development.
Pindeshana (पिण्डैषणा): Focuses on the meticulous rules and principles of Bhikhshacharya (भिक्षाचर्या) – pure alms-gathering. It details what to accept and what to reject in alms, emphasizing the importance of ethical conduct even in obtaining basic sustenance, thus upholding Ahimsa and Aparigraha. It discusses various flaws (doshas) related to obtaining and consuming food.
Mahachara-katha (महाचार-कथा): This chapter elaborates on the principles of right conduct, known as Mahachar (महाचार). It discusses both the general rules (utsarg) and specific exceptions or relaxations (apavada) in conduct, which are crucial for monks. It covers various aspects of ascetic life, reinforcing the importance of adherence to principles and the reasons behind them.
Vakyashuddhi (वाक्यशुद्धि): This chapter emphasizes the importance of Vakshuddhi (वाक्शुद्धि) – purity of speech. It outlines the principles of right speech, advising monks to speak truthfully, kindly, and beneficially, avoiding harsh, false, or hurtful words. It stresses the need for careful consideration before speaking.
Acharapranidhi (आचार-प्रणिधि): This chapter focuses on Pranidhi (प्रणिधि) – mental control, concentration, and steadfastness in practice. It highlights the need for controlling the senses and the mind, overcoming vices like anger, pride, deceit, and greed (Kashayas), and maintaining equanimity in all situations.
Vinayasamadhi (विनय-समाधि): This chapter is dedicated to the significance of Vinaya (विनय) – humility, respect, and discipline, especially towards elders, gurus, and the teachings. It explains that true Vinaya leads to Samadhi (concentration and spiritual peace) and is crucial for spiritual progress. It outlines the importance of respecting teachers and following their guidance.
Sabhikshu (सभिक्षु): This chapter defines the ideal Bhikshu (भिक्षु) – a mendicant who lives by alms. It contrasts the true mendicant with a beggar, highlighting the qualities of a noble mendicant such as self-control, tolerance, non-violence, detachment, and inner spiritual focus.

Chulikas (Supplementary Sections):

Ratrivakya (रतिवाक्या): This section addresses the mind's susceptibility to worldly pleasures and the importance of maintaining steadfastness in ascetic practices, especially when facing distractions or lapses. It offers guidance on how to re-establish commitment to the path.
Viktacharya (विविक्तचर्या): This section discusses Viktacharya (विविक्तचर्या) – secluded or pure conduct. It emphasizes living a life of detachment, adhering to rules, and cultivating inner purity, highlighting the importance of being vigilant and introspective in spiritual practice.

Overall Approach of the Commentary:

The commentary by Mahasati Pushpavati is praised for its clarity, diligence, and insightful explanations. It draws upon various other Jain scriptures and traditions to elucidate the profound meanings within the Dasavaikalik Sutra, making it accessible to a wide audience. The text also acknowledges the inspiration and support from various spiritual leaders and individuals.

Contribution to Jain Literature:

This publication is part of the "Jinagam Granthamala" and aims to propagate Jain Agam literature. The detailed structure, including original text, translation, commentary, and appendices, makes it a valuable resource for scholars and practitioners of Jainism. The text reflects the rich tradition of Jain scholarship and the dedication to preserving and disseminating its sacred texts.