Agam 19 Nirayavaliyanam Atthamam Uvvangsuttam Mulam PDF File

Here is a comprehensive summary in English of the provided Jain text, "Agam 19 Nirayavaliyanam Atthamam Uvvangsuttam Mulam PDF File":

This document is a Jain Agam text, specifically Nirayavaliyanam, the eighth Upanga Sutra, as part of the Jain Agam Online Series 19. It has been revised and compiled by Deepratnasagar. The text details the lives and consequences of actions of various individuals, particularly focusing on a sequence of births and deaths that illustrate karmic principles.

The core of the text revolves around explaining the ten chapters (adhyayanas) of the Nirayavaliyanam, which are: Kala, Sukala, Mahakala, Kanha, Sukanhha, Mahakanha, Virakanha, Ramakanha, Piousenakhanha, and Mahasena Khanha. The provided excerpt focuses on the first chapter, "Kala."

Summary of Chapter 1: Kala

The narrative begins by establishing the setting in the city of Rajagriha, mentioning its prosperity and the presence of the Gunashilaka Chaitya. It then introduces Acharya Sudharma, a disciple of Lord Mahavir, and his disciple Jambu, who is described as highly accomplished.

The central event of this chapter is a question posed by Jambu to Acharya Sudharma regarding the teachings of Lord Mahavir concerning the Agamas, specifically the five classes of Upangas: Nirayavaliyanam, Kalpavadamsika, Pushpika, Pushpchulika, and Varnhidasha. Jambu inquires about the number of chapters in Nirayavaliyanam, and Acharya Sudharma confirms there are ten chapters.

The text then delves into the story of King Kuniya (also known as Ajatashatru) of Champanagari, son of King Shrenika and Queen Chelana. It also mentions Queen Kali, who was Kuniya's maternal aunt.

The main focus shifts to Prince Kala, son of Queen Kali. Prince Kala is described as going to war with a massive army, including elephants, horses, chariots, and soldiers, against King Kuniya.

Meanwhile, Queen Kali, while praying, is filled with anxiety about her son Prince Kala's fate in the war. She worries about his survival, victory, and whether she will see him alive again. Her distress leads her to seek the solace of Lord Mahavir, who has arrived in the city.

Lord Mahavir, upon being approached by Queen Kali, reveals the destiny of Prince Kala. He explains that Prince Kala, despite his valor in the war against King Kuniya, was ultimately killed by King Chedaka. Lord Mahavir informs Queen Kali that she will not see her son alive again.

Overcome with grief, Queen Kali faints. After regaining consciousness, she questions Lord Mahavir further. He confirms the truth of his prophecy. Queen Kali then departs, deeply saddened by the news of her son's death.

The discourse then shifts to a conversation between Lord Mahavir and Gautama Swami. Gautama Swami asks about Prince Kala's whereabouts after death. Lord Mahavir states that Prince Kala, due to his actions and negative karma, has been reborn as a hell-being in the fourth hell, Pankaprabha, with a lifespan of ten Sagaropamas.

The text then explores the nature of Prince Kala's actions, his sensual pleasures, and the bad karma that led to his rebirth in hell.

The narrative then shifts to the reign of King Shrenika and his queens Nandā and Chelana. It introduces Prince Abhaya, son of Shrenika and Nandā. It also details a significant event concerning Queen Chelana, who experiences a powerful dream and develops a craving for specific food items derived from her husband's body. This craving is a precursor to her pregnancy.

The story then recounts how Prince Abhaya, noticing his father's distress over Chelana's unfulfilled craving, cleverly procures the required food from his father's body and presents it to Chelana, thus fulfilling her craving and ensuring the healthy continuation of the pregnancy.

The text then describes Chelana's subsequent pregnancy with Prince Kuniya. It highlights Kuniya's intense cravings even before his birth, particularly for the same food items derived from his father's body, which he consumed while still in the womb. This foreshadows his future actions.

Chelana attempts to terminate the pregnancy due to these unusual cravings and the potential for Kuniya to be a "destroyer of the family." However, her attempts are unsuccessful. Despite this, Kuniya is born.

The birth of Kuniya is followed by an incident where his finger is injured by a peacock's feather. This injury leads to bleeding and pain, and his parents repeatedly tend to him. The name "Kuniya" is given to him due to this incident.

The narrative then moves to Kuniya's adolescence and his ambition to rule. He plots to overthrow his father, King Shrenika. He captures his father and installs himself as the king.

Following his ascension, Kuniya encounters Prince Vehalla, his younger brother. Vehalla is presented with a prized elephant (Seyanaka Gandahatthi) and an ornamental necklace by King Shrenika. Vehalla, however, displays arrogance and uses the elephant to play with the queens.

Queen Padmavati, Kuniya's wife, informs him about Vehalla's behavior and his desire for half the kingdom and the elephant. Kuniya initially dismisses this, but when Vehalla directly confronts him, demanding the elephant and necklace as a condition for his allegiance, Kuniya is forced to confront the situation.

Vehalla, realizing Kuniya is unwilling to part with the elephant and necklace, decides to defect to Vesali and align himself with King Chedaka. Kuniya sends envoys to Chedaka to reclaim his brother and the prized possessions, but Chedaka refuses.

This refusal leads to a diplomatic impasse and eventually to war between Kuniya and Chedaka. The text describes the preparations for war and the ensuing battle, highlighting the large armies and the ferocity of the conflict.

The narrative concludes by stating that Prince Kala (the subject of the first part of the chapter) fought in this war against King Kuniya and was killed by King Chedaka, reiterating the karmic consequences that led to his rebirth in hell.

The text then briefly mentions the subsequent chapters, indicating that they will follow a similar pattern of detailing the lives and destinies of individuals with names similar to the chapter titles, emphasizing the unfolding of karma.

In essence, this excerpt from Nirayavaliyanam serves as a didactic text illustrating the Jain principles of karma, rebirth, and the consequences of one's actions, using historical and legendary narratives to convey these teachings.