Agam 19 Nirayavalika Sutra Hindi Anuwad

Here's a comprehensive summary of the provided Jain text, "Agam 19 Nirayavalika Sutra Hindi Anuwad," authored by Dipratnasagar and Deepratnasagar:

Book Title: Agam 19 Nirayavalika Sutra Hindi Anuwad (Agam 19 Nirayavalika Sutra Hindi Translation)

Author/Translator/Editor: Muni Diperatnasagarji (Agam Diwakar, M.Com., M.Ed., Ph.D., Shrut Maharishi)

Publisher: Dipratnasagar, Deepratnasagar

Overview:

This document presents the Hindi translation of the Nirayavalika Sutra, the eighth Upangasutra (subsidiary scripture) within the Jain Agamas, identified as Agam 19. The translation and editing have been meticulously done by Muni Diperatnasagarji. The text is structured into studies (Adhyayan) and verses (Sutra), with the provided excerpt focusing primarily on the first two studies, "Kaal" (Time/Death) and "Sukaal" (Good Time/Good Death), and referencing the subsequent studies.

Key Contents and Summary:

Introduction and Context (Pages 1-4):

• The initial pages establish the reverence for the text, offering salutations to Jain principles and the revered Acharyas.
• It clearly identifies the scripture as Agam Sutra 19, Upangasutra-8, 'Nirayavalika.'
• A table of contents or classification indicates that the Nirayavalika Sutra consists of ten studies, with studies 3 through 10 being referred to as extensions of the first two.
• Page 4 lists the extensive published works of Muni Diperatnasagarji, highlighting his contributions to Jain Agam literature in various languages and formats. This contextualizes the translation within a larger body of scholarly work.

Adhyayan 1: Kaal (Time/Death) (Sutras 1-19):

• Setting the Scene (Sutra 1-2): The narrative begins by describing Rajagriha city as prosperous. It then introduces Aryavrata Sudharma Swami, an elder disciple of Bhagwan Mahavir, along with five hundred Anagaras (ascetics) arriving at Rajagriha. They engage in penance and meditation.
• Jambu Swami's Inquiry (Sutra 3-4): Jambu Swami, a disciple of Aryavrata Sudharma Swami, respectfully asks about the meaning of the Upangas. Aryavrata Sudharma Swami explains that there are five categories of Upangas: Nirayavalika, Kalpavatansika, Pushpika, Pushpchulika, and Vrishnidasas.
• The Ten Studies of Nirayavalika (Sutra 5): Jambu Swami further inquires about the studies of the Nirayavalika. Aryavrata Sudharma Swami lists the ten studies: Kaal, Sukaal, Mahakaal, Krishna, Sukrishna, Mahakrishna, Veerakrishna, Ramakrishna, Pitrusena, and Mahasenakrishna.
• The Story of Kaal Kumar and Kali Devi (Sutra 5-8):
  • The narrative then shifts to Champā city, where King Shrenik's son, Kunik, and his wife Padmavati reign.
  • The story focuses on Kali Devi, Shrenik Raja's wife and Kunik Raja's stepmother. Her son, Kaal Kumar, a handsome prince, is described.
  • Kaal Kumar participates in a fierce battle called the Rathmusala Sangram (chariot-mace battle) alongside Kunik Raja.
  • Kali Devi, worried about her son's fate in the war, falls into distress and intense grief (artadhyan).
  • Bhagwan Mahavir arrives in Champā, and Kali Devi, upon hearing the news, goes to seek his guidance.
  • She asks Bhagwan Mahavir if her son Kaal Kumar will be victorious and if she will see him alive.
  • Bhagwan Mahavir reveals that Kaal Kumar was killed by Cetak Raja in the battle.
  • Hearing this, Kali Devi collapses in grief. She accepts the truth of Bhagwan's words.
• Kaal Kumar's Rebirth (Sutra 8-9):
  • Gautama Swami asks Bhagwan Mahavir where Kaal Kumar, after dying in battle, has been reborn.
  • Bhagwan Mahavir explains that Kaal Kumar has been reborn as a Naraki (hell-dweller) in the Hemaabha Naraka of the fourth Panka-prabha Earth, with a lifespan of ten sagaropamas.
• The Story of Nandā Rani and Abhay Kumar (Sutra 9-10):
  • Gautama Swami asks about the cause of Kaal Kumar's rebirth in hell.
  • The narrative shifts to Rajagriha city, ruled by Shrenik Raja. His queen Nanda and their son Abhay Kumar are introduced.
  • Shrenik Raja's other wife, Chelnā Devi, has a specific pregnancy craving (dohada). She desires to eat the flesh from the abdomen of her husband, Shrenik Raja, and to consume various types of liquors.
  • When her craving cannot be fulfilled, Chelnā Devi becomes distressed.
  • Her attendants inform Shrenik Raja, who is also troubled by his wife's condition.
  • Chelnā Devi reveals her craving for her husband's flesh and the liquors.
  • Shrenik Raja, unable to fulfill this unusual craving, becomes anxious.
• Abhay Kumar's Deception (Sutra 10-11):
  • Abhay Kumar, upon learning of his mother's distress, devises a plan.
  • He brings some wet meat and blood, along with a bandage.
  • He then stages a scene where he appears to be cutting Shrenik Raja's abdomen and applying the meat and bandage, making it look like a bleeding wound.
  • Shrenik Raja pretends to faint.
  • Abhay Kumar then presents the meat (from Shrenik Raja) to Chelnā Devi, who fulfills her craving.
• Kunik's Birth and Early Life (Sutra 11-13):
  • Chelnā Devi carries the child, Kunik, to term.
  • During her pregnancy, she has a thought to destroy the child because it consumed its father's flesh even in the womb. However, the child cannot be destroyed.
  • After nine months, she gives birth to a beautiful baby boy.
  • Fearing that this child might bring about the destruction of their lineage, she orders her maid to abandon the child in a garbage heap.
  • The maid abandons the child, and the area miraculously illuminates.
  • King Shrenik finds the child and is initially enraged, scolding Chelnā Devi.
  • He eventually instructs Chelnā Devi to raise the child.
  • The child's finger is injured by a bird's beak, and he cries in pain. Shrenik Raja soothes him by sucking the wound.
  • The child is named Kunik.
• Kunik's Ambition and Parricide (Sutra 14-15):
  • Kunik grows up and desires to rule. He plots against his father, Shrenik Raja, to take the throne.
  • He invites ten princes, including Kaal Kumar, and discusses his plan to imprison Shrenik Raja and seize the kingdom.
  • Kunik imprisons Shrenik Raja and crowns himself king.
  • Kunik visits Chelnā Devi, who is disheartened by his actions against Shrenik Raja. She recounts how Shrenik Raja showed immense affection for Kunik from his infancy.
  • Realizing his mistake, Kunik decides to release his father.
  • Shrenik Raja, seeing Kunik approaching with an axe, fears for his life and ingests poison, dying before Kunik can reach him.
  • Kunik is overcome with grief and remorse for his actions, acknowledging his sin.
  • Shrenik Raja is cremated with great ceremony. Kunik then moves to Champā city.
• The Division of the Kingdom (Sutra 16): Kunik divides the kingdom into eleven parts among himself and the ten princes.
• The Story of Vehall Kumar and the Elephant (Sutra 17-18):
  • Vehall Kumar, Kunik's younger brother, is gifted a special elephant named Sechanaka and an eighteen-strand necklace by Shrenik Raja before his death.
  • Vehall Kumar enjoys his life with the elephant, leading to public commentary that he is enjoying the fruits of royalty, not Kunik.
  • Padmavati Devi, Kunik's queen, requests the elephant and necklace from Vehall Kumar.
  • Vehall Kumar refuses unless Kunik gives him half the kingdom.
  • Believing Kunik wants to seize them, Vehall Kumar flees with his family and belongings to Vaishali, seeking refuge with his maternal grandfather, Aryak Chetak.
  • Kunik sends messengers to Chetak Raja demanding the return of the elephant, necklace, and Vehall Kumar.
  • Chetak Raja states that Shrenik Raja had gifted these items to Vehall Kumar and that Kunik should offer half the kingdom for their return.
  • Kunik, angered by Chetak Raja's refusal and the disrespect shown to his third messenger, prepares for war. He mobilizes a massive army.
  • Chetak Raja, in turn, consults with eighteen allied kings (nine Mallakī and nine Lichchavi from Kashi-Kosala) to decide on a course of action.
  • The allied kings advise fighting Kunik rather than returning the possessions or surrendering Vehall Kumar.
  • Both armies prepare for battle, engaging in the fierce Rathmusala Sangram.
• Kaal Kumar's Fate Reaffirmed (Sutra 18-19): The text reiterates that Kaal Kumar was killed in this battle as prophesied by Bhagwan Mahavir to Kali Devi. This act of violence and the associated karma lead to his rebirth in the hellish realm.
• Kaal Kumar's Future Liberation (Sutra 19): Gautam Swami asks about Kaal Kumar's future. Bhagwan Mahavir states that after exhausting his hellish karma, Kaal Kumar will be reborn in a noble family in the Mahavideha region and eventually attain liberation (Siddha).

Adhyayan 2: Sukaal (Good Time/Good Death) (Sutra 20):

• Jambu Swami asks about the second study.
• Bhagwan Mahavir explains that the story of Sukaal Kumar is similar to that of Kaal Kumar. Sukaal Kumar was the son of Sukali Devi (another queen of Shrenik Raja, stepmother to Kunik).
• The narrative parallels that of Kaal Kumar, implying that Sukaal Kumar also meets a similar fate and experiences consequences related to his actions, ultimately leading to liberation in Mahavideha.

Adhyayan 3-10 (Sutra 21):

• These remaining eight studies are stated to be similar to the first two, with the names of the princes and their mothers being the differentiating factor. The moral and karmic lessons are likely consistent.

Conclusion:

The Nirayavalika Sutra, as translated and summarized here, delves into the consequences of actions, particularly in the context of war, ambition, and familial relationships. It illustrates the Jain principles of karma, rebirth, and the ultimate goal of liberation. The stories of Kaal Kumar and Sukaal Kumar, though fictionalized within the narrative, serve as cautionary tales about the repercussions of violence and negative emotions, leading to suffering in lower realms. The text emphasizes the compassion and omniscience of Bhagwan Mahavir in explaining these profound truths. The extensive work of Muni Diperatnasagarji in translating and presenting these ancient scriptures is also highlighted.