Agam 16 Upang 05 Surya Pragnapti Sutra Part 02 Sthanakvasi

This document is the second part of the Surya Pragnapti Sutra (Agam 16, Upang 05), authored by Ghāsilāl Mahārāj and published by A B Shwetambar Sthanakvasi Jain Shastroddhar Samiti. The provided text is a detailed commentary or explanation, likely in Hindi and Gujarati, with Sanskrit and Prakrit original text.

The text begins with the standard Jain invocation: "Namo Arihantanam, Namo Siddhanam, Namo Ayariyanam, Namo Vovajjhayanam, Namo Loye Savva Sadhunam. Esho Panch Namukkaro, Savva Pavappanasano, Mangalanam cha Savvesim Pathamam Havai Mangalam." This translates to: "Salutations to the Arihants, Salutations to the Siddhas, Salutations to the Acharyas, Salutations to the Upadhyayas, Salutations to all the Sadhus in the world. This five-fold salutation destroys all sins and is the first and foremost among all auspicious things."

The publication details indicate it's a "Full Edition" DVD, with support from Shri Chandra P. Doshi – Ph.D. The catalog link points to jainqq.org, suggesting it's part of a larger digital archive of Jain scriptures.

The core content of the provided pages focuses on the rules and regulations pertaining to the study (Swadhyaya) of this particular Sutra. This is a significant aspect of Jain textual tradition, emphasizing the proper and auspicious conditions for engaging with sacred texts.

Here's a breakdown of the key regulations for Swadhyaya, as detailed in the Gujarati (Page 6) and Hindi (Page 8-10) sections:

Timing of Swadhyaya:

• The original text (Mool Path) should be studied during the first and fourth parts of the day and night.
• Swadhyaya is not to be done during dawn, dusk, noon, or midnight for two Ghadi (approximately 48 minutes) each. This specifically means 24 minutes before sunrise and 24 minutes after sunrise should be avoided.

Restrictions during Swadhyaya:

• Women in their menstrual cycle should not study the Sutra, nor should they be in the presence of someone who is studying it. Study can be done in a room where such women are not present.
• There are 32 specific occasions (Aswadhyaya Prasang) when Swadhyaya should not be performed. These are categorized into two main groups:

1. Ten occasions related to the Sky (Akash Sambandhi):

• Ulkāpāt (Meteor shower/falling star): No study for 1 Prahara (3 hours).
• Digdāh (Fire in a direction): No study if there is excessive red color in any direction or a large fire in any direction.
• Garjārav (Thunderous sound of clouds): If terrible thunder is heard or there is much lightning, no study for 2 Prahara (6 hours).
• Nirdhāt (Divine or intense celestial sound): If a terrible sound is heard from divine beings in the sky or loud thunder with lightning, no study for 8 Prahara (24 hours).
• Vidyut (Lightning): No study for 1 Prahara (3 hours) after lightning.
• Chūpak (Specific celestial/lunar phenomenon): On the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd days of the Shukla Paksha (waxing moon phase) if the twilight and moonlight are simultaneous, it's called Chūpak. During Chūpak, no study in the first Prahara of the night.
• Yakshādīpt (Light resembling lightning from divine beings): If there is light like lightning from any direction, no study.
• Ghūmik Krishna (Specific type of fog/mist): From Kartika to Maha months, if fine water-like mist of smoke color occurs, no study.
• Mahikā Shvet (Specific type of white mist): In winter, if fine water-like mist of white color occurs, no study.
• Rajo'ddghāt (Dust storm): If strong wind blows dust in all four directions covering the sun, no study.

2. Ten occasions related to the Physical Body (Audārik Sharir Sambandhi):

• Bones, Flesh, and Blood: If these three are not completely burnt by fire, not washed away by water, and are visible, no study. A broken egg also leads to no study.
• Stool and Urine: No study as long as they are visible or their bad smell is present.
• Cremation Ground (Smashān): No study within 100 hands (hath) around the cremation ground.
• Lunar Eclipse (Chandra Grahan): No study for a minimum of 8 Muhurta and a maximum of 12 Muhurta.
• Solar Eclipse (Surya Grahan): No study for a minimum of 12 Muhurta and a maximum of 16 Muhurta.
• Rājavyagrata (Disturbance due to royalty/war): If there is fighting between kings in nearby land, or for one day and night after the fighting stops, no study.
• Patana (Death of a king or national figure): No study until the cremation. Also, no loud study until a new appointment is made.
• Audārik Sharir (Death of a sentient being): If a dead body of a five-sensed creature is found inside the Upashraya (monastic dwelling) or within 100 hands outside, no study until the body is removed.
• Four Festivals (Mahotsava) and Four First Days (Pratipadā): No study for 8 days encompassing the full moons of Ashadh (Bhoot Mahotsav), Ashwin (Indriya Mahotsav), Kartik (Skandh Mahotsav), Chaitra (Yaksh Mahotsav), and the four subsequent Pratipada (1st day of the dark fortnight).
• Morning and Evening Redness: Do not study for one Ghadi (24 minutes) before sunrise and one Ghadi after sunset if the directions appear red.
• Midday and Midnight: Do not study for one Ghadi before and one Ghadi after midday and midnight.

Important Note: The text clarifies that these "Aswadhyaya" (occasions for not studying) rules apply to the original text (Mool Path). They do not apply to translations or commentaries in other languages. The text emphasizes that "Vinay" (humility/respect) is the root of Dharma and in such difficult situations, one should prioritize the wishes and commands of their Guru or elders.

The subsequent pages (11-41) delve into the details of the five types of Samvatsaras (years) as described in the text:

1. Nakshatra Samvatsara (Lunar Mansion Year): Related to the movement and culmination of 28 Nakshatras.
2. Chandra Samvatsara (Lunar Year): Based on the moon's cycle through zodiac signs, approximately 354 days.
3. Ritu Samvatsara (Seasonal Year): Based on the seasons and the sun's movement through zodiac signs, approximately 366 days (Savana Samvatsara).
4. Aditya Samvatsara (Solar Year): Based on the sun's movement.
5. Abhivardhita Samvatsara (Augmented Year): Likely referring to a year with an intercalary month (Adhik Maas) to align the lunar and solar calendars.

The text meticulously calculates the number of days (Ahoratras), Muhurtas, and divisions within them for each of these types of years and their constituent months, often involving complex calculations and references to specific celestial phenomena. It also details the sequence of constellations (Nakshatras) associated with different events and time periods, including the arrangement of Nakshatras in relation to the cardinal directions (East, South, West, North) from different perspectives.

The latter part of the text (from Page 12 onwards) focuses on the specific types of Samvatsaras (years) in more detail, defining them based on the celestial bodies (Sun, Moon, Nakshatras, Ritu) and their movements. It also starts to explain the calculation of specific months within these years and the Nakshatras associated with different celestial events, like the beginning and end of cycles. The text provides detailed numerical calculations for these periods.

The excerpt seems to be a part of a larger work, likely a commentary on the Surya Pragnapti Sutra, aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of Jain cosmology, astronomy, and the specific observances related to studying these texts. The emphasis on detailed rules for Swadhyaya highlights the importance of discipline and purity in the pursuit of spiritual knowledge within Jainism.