Agam 14 Upang 03 Jivabhigam Sutra Part 02 Sthanakvasi Gujarati

This summary is based on the provided text, which appears to be the second part of the Jivabhigam Sutra, an Upang text of Jainism, likely from the Sthanakvasi tradition and written in Gujarati. The provided text focuses heavily on the detailed rules and descriptions related to the hellish realms (Naraka) and their inhabitants.

Here's a comprehensive summary in English:

Book Title: Agam 14 Upang 03 Jivabhigam Sutra Part 02 Sthanakvasi Gujarati Author: Ghasilal Maharaj Publisher: A B Shwetambar Sthanakvasi Jain Shastroddhar Samiti

Overall Focus: This part of the Jivabhigam Sutra, as presented in the provided text, delves deeply into the geography, structure, inhabitants, and conditions of the Naraka (hellish realms) as described in Jain cosmology. It also touches upon certain aspects of other life forms and cosmological elements.

Key Sections and Concepts:

1. Introduction and Invocation:

   • The text begins with the traditional Jain Navkar Mantra ("Namo Arihantanam...").
   • It mentions the "Agam Prakashan Yojana" and credits Acharya Shri Ghasilalji Maharaj for the commentary.

2. Guidelines for Studying the Sutra (Page 4-8):

   • The text provides specific instructions on the auspicious times for studying the original text (Mool Path) of this sutra: during the first and fourth prahars (periods of the day/night).
   • It prohibits study during specific times like dawn, dusk, noon, and midnight for certain durations ("two ghadis" or 48 minutes, understanding a ghadi as 24 minutes before and after sunrise/sunset).
   • Aswadhyay (Periods of Non-Study/Prohibited Times): A significant portion is dedicated to listing 32 occasions of "Aswadhyay" (times when study is prohibited). These are categorized into:
     • 10 related to the Sky (Akash Sambandhi): These include phenomena like meteor showers (Ulkapat), directional fires (Digdah), thunderous clouds (Garjarav), divine thunder (Nirghat), lightning (Vidyut), specific lunar twilight conditions (Yupak), directional flashes (Yakshadipt), and two types of fog (Dhūmika Krishṇa, Mahika Shvet) and dust storms (Rajoʻddghāt).
     • 10 related to the Physical Body (Audārika Sharir Sambandhi): These include seeing burnt bones/flesh/blood (which must be completely incinerated or washed), broken eggs, excrement/urine, proximity to a cremation ground (100 hands), eclipses (Chandra Grahan, Surya Grahan for specified Muhurtas), periods related to royal succession or death (Rajvyudgat, Patan), and the presence of a dead body within or near the study area (100 hands).
     • 8 related to Festivals and Initial Days: These refer to specific periods around four major festivals and the following four days (Pratipada) of the dark fortnight, totaling eight days of prohibited study.
     • 4 related to Specific Times: These are the two ghadis (48 minutes) associated with dawn/dusk and midnight/midday.
   • It is explicitly stated that these Aswadhyay rules are for the Mool Path and not for translations in other languages.
   • Emphasis is placed on Vinay (respect and humility) as the root of Dharma and following the guidance of elders in difficult situations.

3. Content of the Sutra - Listing of Chapters/Sections (Page 9-10):

   • The text provides a detailed table of contents for Part 02, outlining the discussions within the sutra. This is crucial for understanding the scope of the text.
   • Third Exposition (Pratipatti): This section begins the discussion on the Naraka beings (Nairayik).
     • First Chapter (Nairayik): Focuses on the seven hellish earths (Ratnaprabha, Sharkara Prabha, etc.) and the beings residing in them. It discusses their nature, origins, locations, and the specifics of the Naraka dwellings (Narakaavas). . Second Chapter (Naraka dwellings): Details the number of Naraka dwellings on each earth, their structures, smells, sizes, materials, and their origins. It also discusses their formation (Sanhanan) and lifespan.
     • Third Chapter: Deals with the Pūgala Paribhāva (physical state/characteristics) of the Nairayik.
   • Fourth Exposition: Discusses beings in the animal realm (Tiryanch Yoni).
     • First Chapter: Covers the general classification of Tiryanch Yoni.
     • Second Chapter: Discusses their specific characteristics like Leshya (color of karmic aura), Gandha (smell), and Vimana (celestial abodes).
     • Third Chapter: Deals with worldly beings (Sansara Samapannak) with specific details.
   • Fifth Exposition: Focuses on humans (Manushya).
     • Third Chapter: Discusses the specifics of humans, including their Dveepa (continents), island groups (Dveepa), trees, inhabitants, women, and food habits.
   • Later Sections: Mention other topics such as the nature of heavens (heavenly beings), the directions, oceans, vehicles (Gati), and vegetation (Vanaspati).

4. Detailed Descriptions (Page 11 onwards):

   • Naraka Beings (Nairayik): The text elaborates on the characteristics of Naraka beings, their seven respective hellish earths (Ratnaprabha to Tamastama), and their respective names.
   • Earths and Their Dimensions: The dimensions (width/area) of each hellish earth are given in yojanas (ancient Indian unit of distance).
   • Subdivisions of the First Hellish Earth (Ratnaprabha): This earth is divided into three types of regions: Khar Kand (hard land), Pak Bahul Kand (mud-rich land), and Amb Bahul Kand (water-rich land). The Khar Kand itself is further divided into 16 types based on the predominant jewel (Ratna Kand, Vajra Kand, Vaidurya Kand, etc.).
   • Physical Aspects: The text meticulously details the physical characteristics of the Naraka earths, including the presence of solidified fluids (Dhanodadhi), solidified air (Dhanvat), thin air (Tanuvat), and empty space (Avakasha).
   • Thickness and Layers: The thickness of these layers and specific regions within the hellish earths are quantified.
   • Shape and Dimensions: The Naraka dwellings themselves are described as being round inside and square outside, with specific dimensions in yojanas.
   • Number of Naraka Dwellings: The number of Naraka dwellings on each of the seven hellish earths is given in lakhs (e.g., 30 lakhs on Ratnaprabha, 25 lakhs on Sharkara Prabha, etc.).
   • Hellish Phenomena: The text describes the nature of the Naraka environment, including:
     • Color: Black, dark blue, red, yellow.
     • Smell: Unpleasant smells, like decaying corpses.
     • Taste: Bitter, sour, pungent, astringent, etc.
     • Touch: Rough, soft, heavy, light, cold, hot, oily, dry.
     • Shape: Various shapes like round, triangular, square, oblong.
     • Conditions: Constant presence of suffering, darkness, and foul odors.
   • Lifespan: The lifespan of beings in different hells is described in Sagropama (an immensely long period of time), with specific durations mentioned for various levels and subtypes.
   • Rebirth: The text discusses the origin of Naraka beings, stating they are reborn from the animal realm (Tiryanch Yoni) due to specific negative karmas (Kashayas).
   • Leshyas: The prevailing Leshyas (karmic colors/auras) for beings in different Naraka levels are mentioned, predominantly dark colors like Krishna (black) and Neel (blue).
   • Knowledge and Conduct: It briefly touches upon the knowledge (Jnana) and conduct (Darshan) of Naraka beings, stating they are generally devoid of right knowledge and conduct.
   • Yogas and Usage: The types of Yogas (mental, verbal, physical activities) are discussed in relation to Naraka beings.
   • Samudghata: The possibility and types of Samudghata (expansion of the body) for Naraka beings are mentioned.
   • Hunger and Thirst: The intense and unimaginable hunger and thirst experienced by Naraka beings are described.
   • Suffering in Naraka: The text emphasizes the extreme and perpetual suffering, pain, and agony endured by the inhabitants of Naraka, often attributed to their past negative actions and the nature of the hellish environment itself.
   • Specific Naraka Types: It details the characteristics of specific Naraka realms and their unique punishments, often described through illustrative examples or allegories.
   • The Seven Naraka Lands: The names of the seven Naraka lands are consistently mentioned: Ratnaprabha, Sharkara Prabha, Valuka Prabha, Pankaprabha, Dhumaprabha, Tamah Prabha, and Tamastama Prabha.
   • The Five Great Naraka: Within the seventh Naraka (Tamastama), five particularly intense Naraka realms are highlighted: Kala, Mahakala, Raura, Maharauva, and Apratishthana.

Overall Tone and Style:

The text is highly descriptive and enumerative, providing detailed classifications and quantitative information. It adheres to the rigorous, analytical style typical of Jain Agamas, aiming to precisely delineate the nature of reality according to Jain cosmology, particularly focusing on the negative consequences of negative karma in the Naraka realms. The language is Gujarati, as indicated by the author and publisher details.

Important Note: The provided text is a significant excerpt. A full summary would require the complete text to capture all nuances and detailed discussions. This summary is based solely on the content presented in the provided pages.