Agam 12 Uvavaiya Gujarati Translation

Here's a comprehensive summary of the provided Gujarati text, which is a translation and commentary of the Jain Agama Sutra, Uvavaiya (also known as Aupapātika), by Muni Dipparatnasagarji.

Book Title: Agam 12 Uvavaiya Gujarati Translation Author/Translator/Editor: Muni Dipparatnasagarji (Agam Diwakar, Shrut Maharshi, M.Com., M.Ed., Ph.D.) Publisher: Dipparatnasagar, Dipparatnasagar Subject: Jain Agam Sutra, Uvavaiya (Aupapātika) - First Upanga Sutra.

Overall Purpose: This work presents the Gujarati translation and commentary of the Uvavaiya Sutra, the first Upanga Sutra of the Jain Agamas, authored by Muni Dipparatnasagarji. The text describes a Samavasarana (the divine assembly of a Tirthankara) and the resulting "Upapata" (birth of celestial beings and beings in the higher realms). It details the descriptions of the city of Champa, King Kunika, Queen Dharini, the divine presence of Lord Mahavir, his disciples, various celestial beings, and the discourse on Jain doctrine, ethics, and liberation.

Key Sections and Content:

1. Introduction and Acknowledgements (Pages 1-5):

• Invocation: The text begins with Jain invocations, paying homage to the pure vision, Lord Neminath, and the spiritual guides.
• Translator's Credentials: Muni Dipparatnasagarji's qualifications (M.Com., M.Ed., Ph.D., Shrut Maharshi) are highlighted.
• Agam Classification: A detailed list of Jain Agamas (Sutra, Upanga, Mool Sutra, Ched Sutra, Chulika Sutra) is provided, placing Uvavaiya as the 12th Agama and the 1st Upanga Sutra.
• Author's Literary Works: Pages 5 showcase a comprehensive list of Muni Dipparatnasagarji's published works, categorizing them into Agam Literature, Agam Translation Literature, Agam Explanation Literature, Agam Encyclopedia Literature, and Other Literature, demonstrating his extensive contribution to Jain scholarship.

2. Uvavaiya Sutra Translation and Commentary (Pages 6-43):

• Description of Champa City (Pages 6-8):
  • The text vividly describes the prosperous and well-fortified city of Champa, detailing its streets, buildings, markets, gardens, and defensive structures.
  • It mentions the presence of various performing arts, artists, and the overall vibrant atmosphere of the city.
• Purnabhadra Chaitya (Temple) (Pages 6-7):
  • The description extends to a significant chaitya (temple) named Purnabhadra located outside the city.
  • It details the temple's architecture, decorations, fragrant atmosphere, and the reverence it receives from the populace.
  • The surrounding forest grove is described with its lush vegetation and the abundance of fruits and flowers.
• King Kounika and Queen Dharini (Pages 8-9):
  • The text introduces King Kounika of Champa, highlighting his virtues, lineage, rule, and prosperity.
  • Queen Dharini is described as a beautiful and virtuous consort.
• King's Court and Advisors (Page 9):
  • The presence of various officials, advisors, and dignitaries in the king's court is mentioned, showcasing the administration of the kingdom.
• The Arrival of Lord Mahavir (Pages 9-11):
  • The arrival of Bhagwan Mahavir, the 24th Tirthankara, is narrated.
  • His divine attributes, physical characteristics (height, complexion, features), and spiritual qualities are described in great detail, emphasizing his purity, knowledge, and compassion.
• The Divine Assembly (Samavasarana) and Celestial Beings (Pages 11-26):
  • The text describes the gathering of various celestial beings:
    • Shatapada Devs: Celestial beings who accompany the Tirthankara.
    • Asura Kumara Devas: Demons or beings from the lower celestial realms, described with their physical attributes and attire.
    • Bhavana Vasi Devas: Other celestial beings inhabiting various realms, including Nagas, Vidyut, Agni, etc.
    • Vyanthara Devas: Beings from the intermediate celestial realms, including Pisachas, Bhutas, Yakshas, Rakshasas, etc., known for their love of revelry and performing arts.
    • Jyotishka Devas: Luminaries like Jupiter, Moon, Sun, Saturn, Rahu, Ketu, and the constellations, all paying homage.
    • Vaimanika Devas: Beings from the highest celestial abodes, described with their divine vehicles and auspicious symbols, coming to witness the Samavasarana.
• The Human Assembly and Their Reactions (Pages 26-28):
  • The text describes the common people's response to Bhagwan Mahavir's arrival, their discussions, and their resolve to seek spiritual guidance. Many decide to embrace monasticism or become lay disciples.
• King Kounika's Devotion (Pages 28-33):
  • King Kounika's enthusiastic preparation for receiving Bhagwan Mahavir is detailed, including the beautification of the city, the array of his royal retinue, and his personal rituals before paying respects.
  • His elaborate procession, adorned elephants, horses, chariots, and soldiers, along with the queens, is described.
  • The King's respectful approach and homage to Lord Mahavir are presented.
• Bhagwan Mahavir's Discourse (Dharma Deshana) (Pages 34-37):
  • The core of the Uvavaiya Sutra is Bhagwan Mahavir's discourse, delivered in Ardhamagadhi language, which is universally understood by all beings.
  • The discourse covers fundamental Jain principles: the existence of soul and non-soul, bondage and liberation, merit and demerit, influx and cessation of karma, suffering and its cessation.
  • It emphasizes the importance of right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct (Samyak Darshan, Samyak Gyan, Samyak Charitra) as the path to liberation.
  • The text elucidates the karmic consequences of actions, differentiating between good and bad karma.
  • It categorizes human rebirth based on actions, describing rebirth in hells, animal realms, human realms, and celestial realms.
  • The nature of asceticism is detailed, including external austerities (fasting, reduced eating, begging, renouncing tastes, body mortification, seclusion) and internal austerities (atonement, humility, service, study, meditation, renunciation).
• The concept of "Upapata" (New Births) (Pages 30-33):
  • The Sutra describes how beings are born into different realms (hells, animals, humans, heavens) based on their karma.
  • It details the lifespan, pleasures, and suffering associated with each realm.
  • The text highlights the impermanence of even celestial pleasures and the ultimate suffering that beings in lower realms experience.
• The path to Liberation (Moksha) (Pages 37-43):
  • The importance of adopting the Jain path, the "Nirgrantha Pravachana," is stressed.
  • It explains the distinction between householder dharma (Sravaka) with its vows and monastic dharma (Anagar) with its renunciation and rigorous practices.
  • The ultimate goal of liberation from the cycle of birth and death, achieving the state of Siddhahood, is described.
  • The characteristics of liberated souls (Siddhas) are elaborated upon – their non-corporeal nature, infinite knowledge and perception, eternal bliss, and their dwelling in the highest realms of the universe (Lokagra).
• The role of Ambada Parivrajaka (Pages 33-37):
  • A significant portion is dedicated to the teachings and practices of Ambada Parivrajaka, a respected ascetic who eventually embraces the Jain path. His strict vows and disciplined life are described.
  • The text clarifies misunderstandings about his practices, attributing them to his acquired spiritual powers and the nature of his austerities.
  • The eventual liberation of Ambada and his disciples through the Jain path is indicated.
• The Nature of the Soul and Karma: The interconnectedness of actions, karma, and rebirth is a central theme. The soul's journey through various life forms and the attainment of liberation are explained through detailed karmic analysis.

3. Conclusion of the Discourse and Departure:

• The discourse concludes with the audience, including the king, queens, and common people, expressing their appreciation and understanding of the Dharma. Many embrace monasticism or take vows as lay disciples.
• The Samavasarana concludes, and Lord Mahavir departs to continue his spiritual mission.

Key Themes and Teachings:

• Karma and Rebirth: The profound impact of one's actions (karma) on future lives and destinies is a fundamental teaching.
• The Cycle of Samsara: The continuous cycle of birth, death, and suffering is depicted, emphasizing the need for spiritual liberation.
• The Importance of the Jain Path: The teachings highlight the Uvavaiya Sutra as a foundational text that elucidates the correct path to overcome suffering and attain liberation, as taught by Lord Mahavir.
• Austerities and Renunciation: The text details various forms of asceticism and renunciation as crucial practices for spiritual purification.
• The Nature of the Soul and Siddhahood: The ultimate goal is to attain the state of Siddhahood, characterized by infinite knowledge, bliss, and freedom from the cycle of rebirth.
• The Power of Lord Mahavir's Teachings: The narrative underscores the transformative power of Bhagwan Mahavir's sermons and the profound impact they have on all beings.

Significance of the Translation: Muni Dipparatnasagarji's Gujarati translation makes this ancient and profound Jain scripture accessible to a wider audience, preserving its essence and spiritual significance for contemporary readers. The detailed commentary provides context and clarity, making the teachings more understandable and applicable.