Agam 10 Panhavagaranam Angsutt 10 Moolam

Here is a comprehensive summary of the provided Jain text, "Agam 10 Panhavagaranam Angsutt 10 Moolam," based on the scanned pages:

Book Title: Agam 10 Panhavagaranam Angsutt 10 Moolam Author(s): Dipratnasagar, Deepratnasagar Publisher: Agam Shrut Prakashan Catalog Link: https://jainqq.org/explore/009736/1

This text is the tenth Anga Sutra, known as Panhavagaranam (प्रश्नव्याकरण), meaning "Questions and Answers" or "Analysis of Questions." It is the tenth of the eleven Anga Sutras in Jain Agamas. The text is presented in Gujarati, with the core scripture in Ardhamagadhi Prakrit.

Key Information Derived from the Scanned Pages:

• Authorship and Lineage: The text is authored by Muni Diperatnasagar, a disciple of Muni Sudharma Sagarji Maharaj. This highlights a lineage of Jain monks dedicated to the preservation and propagation of Agamic literature.
• Publisher and Printing: Published by Agam Shrut Prakashan, the book was printed at Narprabha Printing Press and Shri Graphics in Ahmedabad.
• Financial Support and Patrons: A significant portion of the initial pages (pages 3-6) is dedicated to listing numerous individuals, families, and Jain Sanghs (communities) who provided financial support and donations for the publication. This indicates a community effort and widespread appreciation for the Agama. The patrons are primarily from various locations in India, including Vadodara, Madras, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Surendranagar, and Nandoorbar. Many donations are made in memory of deceased family members or in honor of specific Jain ascetics (Sadhvishri).
• Structure of the Panhavagaranam: Page 6 provides a structural outline of the text. It indicates that the Panhavagaranam consists of two Suyakandhas (sections).
  • The first Suyakandha contains five Adhyayanas (chapters) related to Asavdar (आसवदार), which refers to the influx of karmas or the processes that lead to their accumulation. These chapters are titled:
    1. Pratham Asavdar (First Asavdar)
    2. Dwitiya Asavdar (Second Asavdar)
    3. Tritiya Asavdar (Third Asavdar)
    4. Chaturth Asavdar (Fourth Asavdar)
    5. Pancham Asavdar (Fifth Asavdar)
  • The second Suyakandha contains five Adhyayanas related to Samvaradar (संवरदार), which refers to the cessation or blocking of karma influx. These chapters are titled: 6. Pratham Samvaradar (First Samvaradar) 7. Dwitiya Samvaradar (Second Samvaradar) 8. Tritiya Samvaradar (Third Samvaradar) 9. Chaturth Samvaradar (Fourth Samvaradar) 10. Pancham Samvaradar (Fifth Samvaradar)
  • The structure also mentions Parisishtha (परिसिठ) which likely refers to appendices or supplementary material.
• Content of the Text:
  • Asavdar (Influx of Karma): The initial chapters detail the negative consequences of actions that lead to karma. Specifically, the text extensively describes the sins and harms caused by Panavaha (पाणवहो) or Pranavaha (प्रणवहो), which translates to killing or violence against living beings.
    • Chapter 1 (Pratham Asavdar): This chapter begins by describing a scene in Champa city and the presence of Lord Mahavir's disciple, Ajjasuhamma (Ajjasuhamma), and another monk, Ajjasumba (Ajjasumba). It then details the multifaceted nature of violence (Pranavaha), its various names, the types of beings that are killed (from one-sensed to five-sensed beings in water, on land, and in the air), and the severe suffering experienced in hellish realms as a consequence of such actions. It describes the torment, dismemberment, and immense pain inflicted in hell. The text elaborates on the consequences of violence, including rebirth in lower realms and experiencing agonizing punishments.
    • Chapter 2 (Dwitiya Asavdar): This chapter focuses on the sin of Aliya Vayana (अलियवयणं), meaning false speech or lying. It lists numerous synonyms and descriptions of false speech, emphasizing its harmful nature and the dire consequences in this life and the next, including rebirth in hell and suffering. The text criticizes various forms of falsehood, including deceptive speech, slander, and denial of religious principles.
    • Chapter 3 (Tritiya Asavdar): This chapter addresses Adinnadana (अदिन्नादाणं), meaning stealing or taking what is not given. It details the actions of thieves, robbers, and those who commit theft through various means. The text describes the punishments faced by thieves, including being caught, punished by authorities, and experiencing severe suffering in hell. It emphasizes the consequences of coveting and taking others' possessions.
    • Chapter 4 (Chaturth Asavdar): This chapter deals with Abhramcharya (अबंभचर्य), meaning unchastity or misconduct in sensual indulgence. It describes the allure and destructive nature of sensual desires and their consequences, leading to suffering in hell and lower births. The text criticizes the pursuit of sensual pleasures and the breaking of celibacy vows, highlighting the negative impact on one's spiritual progress.
    • Chapter 5 (Pancham Asavdar): This chapter discusses Parigraha (परिगहो), meaning attachment or accumulation of possessions. It elaborates on the insatiable desire for wealth, property, and other worldly things, and how this attachment leads to suffering, sin, and rebirth in lower realms. The text criticizes excessive accumulation and attachment to material possessions.
  • Samvaradar (Cessation of Karma): The latter five chapters focus on Samvara (संवर), the means to stop the influx of karma. These chapters likely detail the practices and virtues that lead to spiritual liberation.
    • Chapter 6 (Pratham Samvaradar): This chapter focuses on Ahimsa (अहिंसा), meaning non-violence. It describes Ahimsa as a state of well-being and refuge for all living beings. It lists numerous virtues associated with Ahimsa and highlights its paramount importance as taught by the Tirthankaras. The text emphasizes practicing Ahimsa in thought, word, and deed, and adhering to strict ethical conduct in acquiring food and essential items.
    • Chapter 7 (Dwitiya Samvaradar): This chapter likely focuses on Satyavachana (सत्यवचन), meaning truthful speech. It describes the purity and benefits of speaking the truth, contrasting it with the harm caused by falsehood. The text emphasizes the importance of speaking pleasant, timely, and beneficial truth, and avoiding divisive or harmful speech.
    • Chapter 8 (Tritiya Samvaradar): This chapter deals with Adattadan Viramana (दत्ताणुण्णायसंवरो), meaning restraint from taking what is not given or stealing. It explains the importance of respecting others' property and the ethical conduct required, particularly for ascetics who must be content with what is rightfully given.
    • Chapter 9 (Chaturth Samvaradar): This chapter focuses on Brahmacharya (बंभचेर), meaning celibacy or chastity. It describes Brahmacharya as the highest form of penance and the path to liberation. The text emphasizes its purity, virtue, and the practice of self-restraint in sensual matters.
    • Chapter 10 (Pancham Samvaradar): This chapter discusses Aparigraha (अपरिग्गहो), meaning non-possession or non-attachment to worldly things. It elaborates on the detachment from wealth, possessions, and even the body itself, as a means to achieve liberation. The text emphasizes the practice of contentment and freedom from desire.
• Concluding Remarks: The text concludes by stating that these five types of Samvaras (Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya, Aparigraha) are the means to cease karma and achieve liberation. It also mentions that the Panhavagaranam has one Suyakandha with ten Adhyayanas, to be recited within ten days of fasting.

Overall Significance:

The Panhavagaranam, as presented in this text, is a crucial scripture for understanding the Jain path of avoiding negative karma (Asavdar) and cultivating virtuous practices that lead to spiritual liberation (Samvaradar). It meticulously details the detrimental effects of the five cardinal sins (violence, falsehood, stealing, unchastity, and attachment) and expounds upon the virtues and disciplines that counteract them. The extensive lists of patrons highlight the deep reverence and commitment within the Jain community to the preservation and dissemination of these foundational scriptures.