Agam 02 Ang 02 Sutrakrutang Sutra Shwetambar Agam Guna Manjusha

This document, titled "Agam 02 Ang 02 Sutrakrutang Sutra Shwetambar Agam Guna Manjusha," compiled by Gunsagarsuri and published by Jina Goyam Guna Sarvoday Trust Mumbai, is a detailed overview of the Jain Agamas, specifically focusing on the Sutrakṛtāṅga Sūtra. It is presented as part of a larger series, "Agama Guna Manjusha."

The document begins by introducing the 45 Agamas, categorizing them into Eleven Angas, Twelve Upangas, Ten Pāyanna Sūtras, Six Cheda Sūtras, Four Mūla Sūtras, and Two Cūlikās.

The core focus of this specific text is on the Anga Sūtras, with a particular emphasis on the Sūyagaḍāṅga Sūtra (also known as Sūtra Kṛtāṅga Sūtra).

Here's a breakdown of the content:

Introduction to the 45 Agamas: The initial pages provide a brief description of each category of Agamas:

• Eleven Anga Sūtras: These are listed and briefly described, including their primary themes, number of lessons (adhyayana), and approximate number of verses (shlokas). The Angas mentioned are:

  • Ācārāṅga Sūtra
  • Sūyagaḍāṅga Sūtra (highlighted as the main text)
  • Thāṇāṅga Sūtra
  • Samavāyāṅga Sūtra
  • Vyākhyāprajñapti Sūtra (Bhagavati Sūtra)
  • Jñātādharmakathāṅga Sūtra
  • Upāsakadaśāṅga Sūtra
  • Antakṛddaśāṅga Sūtra
  • Anuttaraupapātikadaśāṅga Sūtra
  • Praśnavyākaraṇa Sūtra
  • Vipāka Sūtra

• Twelve Upāṅga Sūtras: These are also listed with brief descriptions, including:

  • Aupapātikā Sūtra
  • Rājapraśnīya Sūtra
  • Jivābhigama Sūtra
  • Praśnāpanā Sūtra
  • Sūrya Prajñapti Sūtra
  • Candra Prajñapti Sūtra
  • Jambūdvīpa Prajñapti Sūtra
  • Nirayāvalī Sūtra
  • Kalpavātamsaka Sūtra
  • Puṣpika Upāṅga Sūtra
  • Puṣpacūlikā Sūtra
  • Vṛṣṇidaśā Sūtra (The last five are collectively called Nirayāvalī pañcaka)

• Ten Pāyanna (Prakīrṇaka) Sūtras: These are described, focusing on their themes related to final practices, death rituals, detachment, and veneration, including:

  • Catuśaraṇa Prakīrṇaka Sūtra
  • Āturapratyākhyāna Prakīrṇaka Sūtra
  • Bhakta Parijñā Prakīrṇaka Sūtra
  • Sanstāraka Prakīrṇaka Sūtra
  • Tandula Vaiyālikā Prakīrṇaka Sūtra
  • Candravijaya Prakīrṇaka Sūtra
  • Devendra-stava Prakīrṇaka Sūtra
  • Maraṇasamādhi Prakīrṇaka Sūtra
  • Mahāpratyākhyāna Prakīrṇaka Sūtra
  • Gaṇividyā Prakīrṇaka Sūtra

• Six Cheda Sūtras: Mentioned with their focus on rules, exceptions, and atonement, requiring qualified monks for study.

• Four Mūla Sūtras: Described as essential for monks and nuns, including:

  • Daśavaikālika Sūtra
  • Uttarādhyayana Sūtra
  • Niryukti Sūtra
  • Āvaśyaka Sūtra

• Two Cūlikā Sūtras: Nandi Sūtra and Anuyogadvāra Sūtra are mentioned, with Anuyogadvāra being called the "key to all Agamas."

Detailed Focus on Sūyagaḍāṅga Sūtra: The document then delves into the Sūyagaḍāṅga Sūtra (Sūtra Kṛtāṅga Sūtra). It provides the following details:

• Alternative Names: Sūyagaḍa, Sūtagada, Sūtkada.
• Primary Subject: Predominantly deals with Dravyanuyoga (teaching on entities/substances).
• Structure: Consists of two Shrutaskandhas (parts of learning) and 23 Adhyayanas (lessons).
• Content: Discusses the views of 363 doctrine-holders, including 180 ritualists (kriyāvādins), 84 non-ritualists (akriyāvādins), 67 agnostics (ajñānavādins), and 32 restraint-propounders.
• Verse Count: Approximately 2000 verses are currently available.
• Specific Chapters (Adhyayanas) and Sections (Uddesha): The detailed transcript (pages 8-27) appears to be the actual text of the Sūyagaḍāṅga Sūtra, specifically covering:
  • First Shrutaskandha:
    • First Adhyayana: 'Samaya' (covering various philosophical views like soul-abandonment, non-violence, control of passions, etc.)
    • Second Adhyayana: 'Vaitālīya' (focusing on the rarity of human life, impermanence, encouraging dharma listening, detachment, and victory over worldly attachments)
    • Third Adhyayana: 'Upsarga' (discussing adverse and favorable circumstances)
    • Fourth Adhyayana: 'Chīparīśā' (detailed description of female temptations)
    • Fifth Adhyayana: 'Narakavibhāga' (description of hellish punishments and the cycle of births)
    • Sixth Adhyayana: 'Vīrastuti' (praise of Lord Mahavira)
    • Seventh Adhyayana: 'Suśīla Pariṣā' (discussing the consequences of violence and attachment)
    • Eighth Adhyayana: 'Vīrya' (explaining the two types of strength: childlike and wise)
    • Ninth Adhyayana: 'Dharma' (inquiring about the nature of Dharma and the path to liberation)
    • Tenth Adhyayana: 'Samādhi' (discussing the importance of equanimity and the path to liberation)
    • Eleventh Adhyayana: 'Mārga' (explaining the path to liberation)
    • Twelfth Adhyayana: 'Samavasaraṇa' (describing the assembly of Lord Mahavira)
    • Thirteenth Adhyayana: 'Yathātathya' (explaining the essence of true conduct)
    • Fourteenth Adhyayana: 'Grantha' (precepts on non-possession, celibacy, obedience, and diligence)
    • Fifteenth Adhyayana: 'Ādāna' (karma theory, knowledge of past and future)
    • Sixteenth Adhyayana: 'Gāthā' (defining the four states of an ascetic)
  • Second Shrutaskandha:
    • First Adhyayana: 'Puṇḍarīka' (using the example of a lotus pond to explain karma, soul, and Dharma)
    • Second Adhyayana: 'Dhiya'sthāna' (discussing religious and irreligious places, virtues and faults)
    • Third Adhyayana: 'Āhāra Parijñā' (discussing the origin of plants and the knowledge of a Muni)
    • Fourth Adhyayana: 'Pratyākhyāna' (discussing the impact of non-renunciation on karma)
    • Fifth Adhyayana: 'Ācāra Sūtra' (precepts against immoral conduct)
    • Sixth Adhyayana: 'Ārtakīya' (mentioning the samvara of Goshalaka and Ādrakumāra)
    • Seventh Adhyayana: 'Nālandīya' (describing the religious life of a householder in Nālandā and a dialogue)
    • Eighth Adhyayana: 'Vīrya' (this seems to be a mislabeling or repetition as the text continues with discussions on various philosophical views).
    • Ninth Adhyayana: 'Dharma' (similar to previous adhyayanas discussing dharma and detachment).
    • Tenth Adhyayana: 'Samādhi' (focusing on mental peace and liberation).
    • Eleventh Adhyayana: 'Mārga' (path to liberation).
    • Twelfth Adhyayana: 'Samavasaraṇa' (assembly).
    • Thirteenth Adhyayana: 'Āhāra Parijñā' (detailed discussion on food and its principles).
    • Fourteenth Adhyayana: 'Pratyākhyāna Kriyā' (actions of renunciation).
    • Fifteenth Adhyayana: 'Jamatīta' (conquering the senses).
    • Sixteenth Adhyayana: 'Gāthā' (defining states and concepts).
    • Seventeenth Adhyayana: 'Puṇḍarīka' (a parable).
    • Eighteenth Adhyayana: 'Kriyāsthāna' (explaining different types of actions).
    • Nineteenth Adhyayana: 'Dharma'.
    • Twentieth Adhyayana: 'Samādhi'.
    • Twenty-first Adhyayana: 'Mārga'.
    • Twenty-second Adhyayana: 'Samavasaraṇa'.
    • The text then presents detailed philosophical arguments and refutations of various schools of thought (e.g., nihilists, eternalists, fatalists, existentialists, etc.), emphasizing the Jain perspective of syādvāda (conditional predication) and the path of detachment and liberation.

Key Themes and Philosophical Arguments: The Sūyagaḍāṅga Sūtra, as presented in this text, is rich in philosophical debate. It systematically addresses and refutes various heterodox views prevalent at the time of Lord Mahavira. The core arguments revolve around:

• Karma and Causality: The nature of actions, their consequences, and the cycle of birth and death. It emphasizes the role of individual effort and right conduct in liberation.
• Rejection of Determinism and Fatalism: The text argues against the idea that destiny or external forces solely dictate one's fate, highlighting the importance of free will and right action.
• Critique of Extreme Views: It refutes theories that deny the existence of soul, karma, rebirth, or the efficacy of righteous conduct.
• Emphasis on Non-Violence (Ahimsa): The fundamental principle of Ahimsa is woven throughout the text, advocating for compassion towards all living beings.
• Conduct of Monks and Laypeople: The Sūtra details the ethical codes and practices for ascetics (monks) and householders (laypeople), emphasizing self-control, detachment, and the path of righteousness.
• The Nature of Reality: It discusses concepts like soul, non-soul, existence, non-existence, eternalism, and temporalism.
• The Path to Liberation (Moksha): The text consistently points towards the importance of right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct (the three jewels) as the means to attain liberation.

The extensive verbatim script provided in Gujarati and Sanskrit (with English summaries for some sections) showcases the detailed discussion of these philosophical viewpoints and refutations within the Sūyagaḍāṅga Sūtra. The text is presented with great reverence, indicating its foundational importance in Śvetāmbara Jain tradition.