Aetihasik Purvajoni Gaurav Gatha - Book Summary

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Aetihasik Purvajoni Gaurav Gatha" (The Glorious Saga of Historical Ancestors) by Mohanlal Dipchand Chokshi, based on the provided pages:

Overall Purpose and Theme:

The book, published by Shri Bharatiya Jain Swayamsevak Parishad, aims to highlight the glorious lives and contributions of historical Jain figures who were not only devout followers of Jain principles but also possessed great courage, intelligence, and leadership qualities. The author, Mohanlal Dipchand Chokshi, seeks to counter the narrative that Jainism, with its emphasis on non-violence (Ahimsa), leads to weakness and subservience, arguing instead that Jain individuals demonstrated bravery and actively contributed to the protection of their communities and kingdoms when necessary. The book serves as a source of pride and inspiration for the Jain community, emphasizing that true adherence to Jainism does not preclude strength and proactive participation in the world.

Key Sections and Content:

The book is structured as a collection of biographical sketches of prominent historical Jain figures. The Table of Contents reveals a focus on individuals who held significant positions in various kingdoms and contributed to society through their actions, wisdom, and patronage of religion and culture.

Prominent Figures and Their Contributions (as detailed in the provided pages):

Amarsinh Barwa (or Amarsingh): A minister in Mewar, known for his bravery and strategic acumen. He transitioned from a minister to a warrior, fighting alongside the commander Bhimsinh. His strength lay in the combination of intelligence and valor.
Asaraj and Abu: Asaraj (originally Andhraj), a prominent figure from the Parvat dynasty, served during the time of the Chawda rulers. His daughter, Kumaradevi, was known for her intelligence and martial skills, despite being a child widow. The story highlights Asaraj's determination to see his daughter fulfill her potential, defying societal norms and ultimately leading to her marriage and the birth of renowned figures like Vastupal and Tejpal.
Ambrath (or Ambad) of Sorath: Known for his administrative skills as the Suba (governor) of Sorath under King Kumarpal. He is credited with supervising the construction of the steps to the Girnar mountain, making the pilgrimage more accessible. He was also a friend of the poet Shripal, showcasing his appreciation for arts and culture.
Amrabhata (or Ambad) Uke: A son of minister Udyan and brother of Vadhmatt, he served as a general under Maharaja Siddhraj Jaysinh. Despite being from a merchant family, he excelled as a commander, defeating enemies and demonstrating bravery. He also initiated the construction of a Jain temple at Bhugukachha (Bharuch) and showed great piety by sacrificing himself to a Yaksha to ensure the project's completion.
Asha Shah: A tale of bravery and loyalty from Mewar, where Asha Shah, a Jain official, risked his life and position to protect the young prince Udai Singh from the usurper Banvir. His courage and the strong moral influence of his mother were crucial in preserving the royal lineage.
Gada Mantri: A minister to Sultan Muhammad Begada of Gujarat. Despite being a strict follower of Jainism and observing fasts, he was also a brave warrior and loyal servant of the state. He balanced his religious duties with his commitment to the kingdom, demonstrating that adherence to Jainism does not preclude courage or participation in governance and defense.
Mehan Singh of Ukai Dynasty: Highlighting that Jains, often perceived as merchants, were also skilled warriors and administrators. Mehan Singh, from the Rankagotra Seth family in Jaisalmer, was a capable administrator and businessman. He also demonstrated piety by constructing Jain temples.
Jain Ministers during Siddhraj's Reign:
- Sajjan Mantri: A minister under Siddhraj Jaysinh, known for his role as a commander in Saurashtra, restoring peace and collecting revenue. He also undertook the renovation of Jain temples on Girnar, demonstrating his commitment to his faith and community.
- Shantu Mehta (or Shastuk/Sampark): A minister and contemporary of Karnadev and Siddhraj Jaysinh. Renowned for his wisdom, religious devotion, and valor, he was compared to Yaugandharayan of Vatsaraj. He sponsored the grand procession of the Adishwar Prabhu idol and the construction of temples.
- Sem Sachiv: A minister loyal to Siddhraj, described as virtuous and a patron of the Guru. His lineage traces back to Chanda, father of Asaraj and grandfather of Vastupal-Tejpal.
- Mahamantri Munjal: Served during the reign of Karnadev and later Siddhraj. He was known for his sharp intellect and played a significant role in the administration of Anhilpur.
- Mahamatya Ashuk: His counsel led Siddhraj to undertake the pilgrimage to Shatrunjay and grant villages for its maintenance. He was present during debates between Jain scholars and actively participated in religious and state affairs.
- Udayan Mantri: Initially exiled from Marwar, he rose to prominence in Gujarat, becoming a minister under Siddhraj. He was instrumental in saving the future king Kumarpal and was later appointed as the Suba of Khambhat, demonstrating his political acumen.
- Ancestors of Shah Kunvarji: Traces the lineage of Shah Kunvarji, highlighting the contributions of his ancestors like Mahipati, Vastupal, Tejpal, and Amardatta in patronizing Jainism and constructing temples.
Param Ahant Maharaja Kumarpal: A significant ruler of Gujarat, whose reign saw the Chalukya dynasty reach its zenith. While his early life was marked by hardship and evasion of Siddhraj, he later embraced Jainism under the guidance of Acharya Hemchandrasuri. His reign was characterized by justice, welfare, and the promotion of Ahimsa, leading to reforms like prohibiting animal sacrifice, alcohol, and gambling. The text addresses criticisms that his emphasis on Ahimsa led to Gujarat's decline, arguing that his reign was actually a period of prosperity and strength.
Surana Triptych (Amarachandji, Manikchandji, Keshari chandji): These three figures from the Surana family of Bikaner demonstrate bravery and loyalty. Amarachandji, as Diwan, displayed exceptional courage in military campaigns and was a victim of courtly intrigue. Manikchandji served with distinction as a general, receiving honors and villages for his valor. Keshari chandji also proved himself a skilled commander, capturing rebels and earning the respect of British officials.
Ram Sinh Mehta: A trusted minister in Mewar, known for his administrative skills, bravery, and adherence to Jain principles. He was highly respected by both the ruler and the populace. The text also touches upon the history of the Oswal community, tracing their origins and the adoption of Jainism.
Mantishwar Karmachand Bachhavat: A minister from Bikaner, whose life is presented with differing historical accounts regarding his loyalty. While some allege a conspiracy against his ruler, Rai Singh, the author, relying on English sources and a balanced perspective, suggests Karamchand's actions were likely driven by a desire for justice and the well-being of the state, rather than personal ambition. His later interactions with Mughal emperor Akbar highlight his intellect and the respect he commanded.
Bandhu-Beldi (Brothers) aka Koh-i-Noor Diamonds (Vastupal and Tejpal): These brothers are presented as exemplary Jain figures from Gujarat's history. They served as ministers and generals under the Vaghelas, demonstrating exceptional administrative skills, military prowess, and a deep commitment to Jainism. Their patronage of arts and architecture is evident in their construction of numerous temples, most notably the Vimal Vasahi and Tejpal temples on Mount Abu, which are celebrated for their exquisite craftsmanship. The text emphasizes that their adherence to Ahimsa did not make them weak; rather, it was a source of their strength and ethical leadership.

Key Arguments and Counter-Arguments:

The book strongly argues against the notion that Jainism's emphasis on Ahimsa makes its followers weak or responsible for any historical subjugation. The author presents numerous examples of Jain individuals who were not only devout but also courageous, skilled in warfare, and effective administrators. The text aims to show that Jain principles, when understood and applied in the context of social and political responsibilities, can coexist with bravery and strength. The author criticizes "non-Jain authors" who, due to incomplete study or prejudice, attribute the decline of Gujarat or India to Jain Ahimsa.

Overall Impression:

"Aetihasik Purvajoni Gaurav Gatha" is a significant work that aims to preserve and promote the legacy of influential Jain figures. It underscores the multifaceted contributions of Jains to Indian history, showcasing their prowess in administration, warfare, arts, and philanthropy, all while maintaining their core religious values. The book is a testament to the author's dedication to presenting a balanced and inspiring narrative of Jain heritage.