Aetihasik PUrvajoni Gaurav Gatha - Book Summary

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Aetihasik Purvajoni Gaurav Gatha" by Mohanlal Dipchand Chokshi, based on the provided pages:

Book Title: Aetihasik Purvajoni Gaurav Gatha (Historical Tales of Glorious Ancestors) Author: Mohanlal Dipchand Chokshi Publisher: Jain Dharm Prasarak Sabha, Bhavnagar Publication Year: Vikram Samvat 2005 (1949 CE)

Overall Purpose and Theme: This book, authored by Mohanlal Dipchand Chokshi and published by the Jain Dharm Prasarak Sabha, aims to highlight the valor, intelligence, administrative skills, and unwavering devotion of historical Jain figures. It serves to counter the misconception that Jains were solely pacifist merchants, demonstrating their significant contributions to society, administration, and even warfare when necessary, all while upholding their religious principles of compassion and non-violence. The book emphasizes that true heroism lies not just in physical prowess but also in wisdom, integrity, and selfless service. It seeks to inspire the Jain community by showcasing the glorious legacy of their ancestors and encouraging them to contribute to nation-building.

Key Sections and Figures Highlighted (as per the index and content):

The book presents a collection of biographical sketches of various notable Jain individuals who played significant roles in different periods of Indian history, particularly in regions like Mewar, Marwar, Gujarat, and Rajasthan. The narratives often focus on how these individuals, despite their Jain faith and adherence to non-violence, demonstrated remarkable courage, leadership, and strategic acumen in political and administrative spheres.

Here's a summary of some of the prominent figures and themes covered:

Amar Singh Barwa (Amarsinh Barwa): A minister in Mewar, he was a valiant warrior who fought alongside Sardar Bhimsinh. His bravery in the battlefield earned him the name Amar Singh. He served during the time of Maharana Raj Singh and is noted for his strategic acumen.
Asaraj and Abu (Asraj ane Abu): Asaraj (real name Adhraj) was a minister during the reign of Siddharaj Jaisingh. Abu was a respected figure in the Jain community and an advisor. The story highlights the intellectual prowess of Kumaradevi, Asaraj's daughter, who was widowed young but possessed remarkable intelligence and foresight. It also touches upon the societal norms regarding widow remarriage and the challenges faced.
Merath's Suba Ambad (Merath no Suba Ambad): Ambad, from the Shrimali community, was appointed as the governor of Saurashtra by Maharaja Kumarpal. He is credited with the construction of the steps to Girnar mountain, facilitating pilgrimage. He was known for his courage and administrative abilities.
Aadhmabhat alias Ambad (Aadhmabhat urfe Ambad): Son of Minister Udayan of Maharaja Siddharaj Jaisingh and brother of Vadmat, Aadhmabhat was a respected commander. He demonstrated exceptional bravery in battles, including his victory over MalikArjuna. He also undertook the construction of a Jin Mandir in Bharuch, facing supernatural challenges with divine intervention.
Abhu of the West (Pashchim na Mandalika Abhu): A prominent minister and merchant from Tarapur, Abhu was known for his wealth, administrative skills, and devotion. He organized a grand pilgrimage to Shatrunjaya, incurring significant expenses and demonstrating immense generosity. He also contributed to the construction of numerous Jin temples and the writing of Jain scriptures.
Asha Shah: A heroic figure who played a crucial role in protecting the infant heir of Mewar during a period of political turmoil. Despite the fear faced from the usurper Vanvir, Asha Shah, with the courage and conviction of his mother, sheltered and safeguarded the young prince, demonstrating immense loyalty and bravery.
Minister Gada (Gada Mantri): Gada Shah, a descendant of Gujarati merchants who settled in Ahmedabad, became a minister to Sultan Muhammad Begada. A devout Jain, he balanced his religious duties with his responsibilities to the state. He participated in state affairs and warfare when necessary, highlighting that adherence to Jainism did not preclude courage and duty.
Ukeshwanshi Mehensingh (Ukeshwanshi Mehensinh): A prominent merchant from Jaisalmer, Mehensingh was known for his financial acumen and patronage of religious activities. He was instrumental in the construction and consecration of Jain temples, demonstrating his devotion and community leadership.
Siddharaj's Era and Jain Ministers (Siddharaj no Samay ane Jain Mantrio): This section details the significant roles played by Jain ministers during the reign of Siddharaj Jaisingh in Gujarat.
- Sajjan Mantri: A minister and commander appointed by Siddharaj, Sajjan displayed great administrative and military skill in Saurashtra, successfully collecting revenue and restoring peace. He also undertook the renovation of the Girnar Jain temple, demonstrating his devotion.
- Shantu Mehta: Known as Shantuk or Sampankar, he was a minister and poet of high repute, often compared to Yogandharayan. His patronage of arts and literature, including the performance of the play "Karn Sundari," is highlighted.
- Sem Sachiv: A loyal minister of Siddharaj, Sem was praised for his good qualities and dedication. His lineage connects him to the renowned Vimal-Tejpala brothers.
- Mahamatya Munjal: A highly intelligent minister who served during the reigns of Karnadev and Siddharaj, Munjal was known for his administrative genius and was likened to Chanakya.
- Mahamatya Ashuk: Advised Siddharaj to undertake a pilgrimage to Shatrunjaya, leading to the gifting of twelve villages for its upkeep.
- Udayan Mantri: Initially an exile, Udayan rose to become a minister under Siddharaj. He was instrumental in securing the throne for Kumarpal, later earning the title "Rajmātā."
- Shah Kunvarji's Ancestors (Shah Kunvarji na Purvajo): This section traces the lineage of Shah Kunvarji, highlighting the contributions of his ancestors to Jainism and society.
Param Ahant Maharaja Kumarpal (Param Ahant Kumarpal Maharaj): The book dedicates a significant portion to the reign of Maharaja Kumarpal of the Chalukya dynasty. It portrays him as a great ruler and conqueror who expanded his empire. Initially a Shaivite, his life underwent a transformation after his encounters with Jain Acharyas like Hemchandrasuri. The text details his adherence to Jain principles, his reforms promoting non-violence, his patronage of Jainism, and his building of numerous temples. It also addresses criticisms suggesting Jainism's influence led to Gujarat's decline, countering this with evidence of Kumarpal's military prowess and administrative reforms.
Oswal Caste's Mohanots (Oswal Jñati na Mohnat): This section discusses the Mohanot sect within the Oswal community, noting their historical roles in administration and military affairs in regions like Kishangarh and Jodhpur. It emphasizes that their participation in warfare does not contradict Jain principles, as it was often driven by duty, protection, and nation-building, not by malice.
Oswal Caste's Bhandaris (Oswal Jñati na Bhandario): The Bhandari community, primarily serving in administrative roles in Marwar, is highlighted. They are noted for their lineage tracing back to Chauhan rulers and their contributions to both military and administrative spheres. Examples like Ahanudev and Lakshman Singh underscore their influence and patronage of Jain temples.
Some Bhandaris of Marwar (Marwad na Bhandari ma na Ketlak): This section continues the discussion on Bhandaris, detailing the lives and achievements of individuals like Bhan, Rugnath, Khamsi, Vijay, Anopsingh, Suratram, Gangararam, Lakshmichand, Prithviraj, and Uttamchand. Their service as governors, ministers, and poets is documented, showcasing their multifaceted contributions.
Bhamashah, the Protector of Mewar (Mewadrakshak Bhamashah): Bhamashah, an Oswal and Jain, is presented as a model of fidelity and devotion. Serving as Diwan to Rana Pratap, his immense wealth and strategic thinking were crucial in helping Rana Pratap regain his kingdom after facing severe hardship. His story emphasizes the Jain commitment to duty and national welfare.
Ratan Singh Bhandari (Ratan Singh Bhandari): A brave administrator who served in Gujarat. The text recounts his conflicts with the Marathas and his efforts to defend Ahmedabad, showcasing his courage and leadership despite facing formidable opposition.
Dhanraj, Subedar of Ajmer (Ajmer ne Subo Dhanraj): Dhanraj, a Jain businessman, demonstrated immense bravery and loyalty by sacrificing his life to protect Ajmer from the Marathas, refusing to surrender the city. His story highlights the ultimate sacrifice for duty and honor.
Minister Jaymalji (Mantishwar Jaymalji): A prominent minister during Maharaja Gajsingh's reign in Jodhpur, Jaymalji was known for his administrative skills, bravery, and charitable contributions. He played a key role in state administration, collected revenue, and was instrumental in building several Jain temples.
The Surana Trinity (Surana Tripathi): This section focuses on three influential members of the Surana family:
- Amarchand Surana: A skilled warrior and diwan who served Maharaja Suratsingh of Bikaner. He displayed great courage in battles, notably in capturing the fort of Bhatner and subduing rebellious chieftains. His life ended tragically due to political intrigue.
- Manikchand Surana: Son of Amarchand, Manikchand continued his father's legacy of bravery and administrative skill, serving as a military commander and later as Diwan.
- Shah Kesharichand (Kesharichandji): Younger son of Amarchand, Kesharichand was a skilled general who bravely fought against dacoits and protected the Bikaner state. His efficiency and loyalty earned him the admiration of the British Captain William Foster.
Ram Singh Mehta (Ram Singh Mehta): A respected minister in Mewar, Ram Singh Mehta was known for his wisdom, diplomatic skills, and adherence to Jain principles. He was a paragon of virtue, respected by both the ruler and the public. His lineage connects to the Agnikul Rajputs who converted to Jainism.
Minister Karamchand Bachhavat (Mantishwar Karamchand Bachhavat): This extensive section delves into the life of Karamchand Bachhavat, a minister in the Bikaner state. It discusses his administrative capabilities, his interactions with Emperor Akbar, and the controversy surrounding his alleged conspiracy against Rai Singh. The author presents a defense of Karamchand, suggesting his actions were driven by prudence and loyalty, and that the accusations were likely politically motivated. It highlights his contributions to the Jain community and his patronage of religious and social causes.
The Brotherly Duo, also known as the Kohinoor Diamonds (Bandhav Beldi urfe Kahinoor Hira): This section focuses on the legendary Jain brothers, Vimal Shah and Tejpal. They were renowned ministers and patrons of art and architecture. Their most famous contribution is the Dilwara Jain Temples on Mount Abu, celebrated for their intricate carvings and architectural brilliance. The text details their administrative acumen, military contributions, and deep devotion to Jainism, often balancing the principles of non-violence with the demands of statecraft and defense.

Core Message and Impact: The "Gaurav Gatha" aims to instill pride and a sense of responsibility within the Jain community. By presenting these historical figures as individuals who were both spiritually inclined and actively contributed to the well-being and protection of their land and people, the book challenges narrow perceptions of Jainism. It underscores the importance of integrating religious values with practical action, demonstrating that compassion and courage are not mutually exclusive. The book serves as a testament to the rich and multifaceted heritage of the Jain people and their ancestors' significant impact on the subcontinent's history.