Acharya Ka Swarup Evam Mahima - Book Summary

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Acharya ka Swarup evam Mahima" by Prakashchand Jain, based on the provided PDF excerpt:

This article, presented by Prakashchand Jain, aims to elucidate the nature and significance of the 'Acharya,' a specific type of Jain monk (Shraman). It emphasizes that Acharyas are considered representatives of the Tirthankaras in the present era and are the leaders of the religious order (Dharmateerth).

The Nature of an Acharya:

The text defines an Acharya through various scriptural references and interpretations:

Service for Knowledge: They are those who are served by seekers of liberation (mumukshu) for the understanding of scriptures and their meanings (as per the Avashyak Sutra commentary).
Upholders of Jain Teachings: Acharyas are those who are followed with reverence (maryada) by those aspiring to understand and practice the Jain teachings, as they are the ones who provide discourse on the Jin Shasan (teachings of the Jinas). They guide the community by their conduct and teachings.
Practitioners and Propagators of Panchaachar: Acharyas are those who themselves practice the five types of conduct (Panchaachar: Jnanachar, Darshanachar, Charitraachar, Tapachar, Viryachar) with due reverence and also guide their disciples to follow these practices. They demonstrate and explain these practices to others.
Possessors of 36 Virtues and Eightfold Wealth: The text highlights that Acharyas are endowed with 36 specific virtues and possess eight types of wealth. They conduct themselves according to the principles and are committed to the welfare of themselves and others.
Non-Violence and Good Intentions: Even at the cost of their own lives, Acharyas do not engage in, cause, or approve of any harm to earth-bodied (prithvikaya) and other elemental beings. They do not harbor ill will towards anyone, not even in their thoughts, even in the face of minor transgressions.
Masters of Scripture and Meaning: They are knowledgeable in both the literal meaning (sutra) and the deeper interpretations (artha) of the scriptures, possessing the necessary characteristics for this role.

The Glory of an Acharya:

The article further elaborates on the immense importance of an Acharya within the Chaturvidh Sangha (the four-fold Jain community: monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen):

Representatives of Tirthankaras: Acharyas are considered to be equivalent to Tirthankaras, acting as their representatives. The Mahanishith Sutra states that those who are "Bhavacharyas" (Acharyas of deep spiritual realization) are to be seen as equal to Tirthankaras, and their commands should not be violated. Disobeying them is described as the act of a lesser person.
Invaluable for the Sangha: An Acharya is indispensable for the functioning of the Sangha. If an Acharya passes away, the immediate appointment of a new one is crucial; otherwise, the monks and nuns face expiation (prayaschitta).
Pillars of Support: Acharyas are described as the "Medhibhoot" (a pillar for tying a cow), meaning they provide guidance and structure to the community, ensuring its adherence to the rules and principles. They are also compared to:
- Supports (Aalambanam): Like a pillar supports a building, they support the Sangha, preventing it from falling into the abyss of worldly existence.
- Eyes: Just as eyes show the way, Acharyas guide the Sangha towards auspicious futures and prevent them from falling into misfortune.
- Boats: Like a boat helps cross a river, Acharyas ferry the Sangha across the ocean of existence.
Path to Liberation: The text suggests that those who properly fulfill the role of an Acharya attain liberation (moksha) in the same life or within a maximum of three lives. This is presented as a significant testament to the glory of the Acharya, as evidenced in the Bhagavati Sutra.

In essence, the article powerfully conveys that the Acharya is a highly revered and essential figure in Jainism, embodying spiritual knowledge, exemplary conduct, and leadership, and playing a vital role in the spiritual progress and well-being of the entire Jain community.