Acharanga Sutra Part 04

This summary is based on the provided pages of the Acharanga Sutra Part 04, translated by Muni Shri Manek Muni and published by Mohanlal Jain Shwetambar Gyanbhandar. The text is a commentary and translation of the Acharanga Sutra, focusing on the sixth, eighth, and ninth chapters.

Overall Purpose:

The Acharanga Sutra, being the first Anga (limb) of the Jain Agamas, is considered foundational. This particular part (Part 04) aims to provide a detailed explanation of specific chapters that focus on the practical aspects of ascetic life and the path to liberation (moksha). The text emphasizes the importance of detachment, the eradication of karma, and the cultivation of virtues for spiritual progress.

Key Themes and Content:

• Detachment and Karma Eradication: The sixth chapter, named "Dhyuta," is described as focusing on the shedding of attachments. This includes detachment from worldly possessions, the body, and even the sense of pride or ego. The text highlights that true liberation comes through the removal of karma, and ascetic practices are the means to achieve this. The commentary explains the concept of "Dhruta" through various "nikshepas" (modes of classification or analysis).
• The Nature of True Religion and the Path to Moksha: The eighth chapter, "Vimoksha," deals with the concept of liberation. It elaborates on the process of achieving moksha, the ultimate goal of Jainism. The text touches upon different types of death (mortalties) like Bhakta Parinsha, Ingita Marana, and Padap Pagaamana, which are disciplined ways of renouncing the body. It also discusses how to deal with afflictions (upasarga) and hardships (parisaha) with equanimity, considering them as opportunities for spiritual purification.
• The Ascetic's Conduct and Spiritual Practices: The ninth chapter, "Upadhana Shruta," focuses on the conduct of an ascetic, particularly emphasizing the practices of Lord Mahavira. It highlights his rigorous penance and the virtues he embodied, serving as an example for aspirants. The text details various types of penance and the importance of mental fortitude in overcoming physical hardships and temptations.
• The Importance of Knowledge and Right Conduct: The commentary stresses that true liberation is achieved through the combination of right knowledge (jñāna) and right conduct (āchāra/kriyā). It criticizes purely intellectual pursuit without practical application and emphasizes the integration of both for spiritual growth.
• The Dangers of Attachment and Worldly Desires: The text repeatedly warns against attachments to worldly pleasures, possessions, and relationships, highlighting how these lead to further karmic bondage and hinder spiritual progress. The examples of attachment and its consequences are vividly described, often through allegorical stories or analogies.
• The Nature of the Soul and Karma: The commentary delves into the intricate workings of karma, its bondage, and its eventual eradication. It explains how karma influences the soul's journey through different life forms and realms.
• Critique of Other Philosophies: The text implicitly or explicitly contrasts Jain principles with other philosophical viewpoints, particularly regarding the nature of the universe, the soul, and the path to liberation. The Acharanga Sutra is presented as the true and comprehensive path.
• Ethical Conduct and Social Harmony: While primarily focused on asceticism, the text also touches upon ethical principles that are relevant to lay followers and contribute to a virtuous life. The importance of non-violence (ahimsa) and compassion is a recurring theme.
• The Role of the Guru and Spiritual Guidance: The text underscores the significance of a spiritual preceptor (guru) in guiding the disciple on the path to liberation. The guru's teachings and the disciple's adherence to them are crucial for spiritual advancement.

Specific Chapters Highlighted:

• Chapter 6 (Dhyuta Adhyayana): Focuses on shedding attachments, including karma, body, and ego. Explains "Dhruta" through various analyses.
• Chapter 8 (Vimoksha Adhyayana): Discusses liberation, different types of ascetic deaths, and enduring hardships with equanimity.
• Chapter 9 (Upadhana Shruta Adhyayana): Details the ascetic conduct of Lord Mahavira, his penances, and virtues, serving as an example for spiritual aspirants.

Commentary and Translation:

The translation aims for clarity and accessibility, using Gujarati for explanations where direct English equivalents might be lacking. The commentary is based on the original Niryukti (commentary) and Tikā (further explanation), aiming to simplify complex concepts.

Publication and Support:

The publication is a part of the "Aho Shrutgyanam Granth Jirdoddhar" (Revival of Scriptures) initiative, aiming to preserve and disseminate ancient Jain scriptures through digitalization and publication. Financial support for this project has come from various individuals and families, as acknowledged in the preliminary pages.

In essence, this part of the Acharanga Sutra is a profound guide for ascetics and spiritual seekers, offering detailed insights into the practices, philosophy, and ultimate goal of Jainism – the attainment of liberation through rigorous self-discipline, detachment, and the eradication of karma.