Abu Jain Mandiro Ke Nirmata

This comprehensive document, "Abu Jain Mandiro ke Nirmata" (The Builders of Abu Jain Temples) by Lalitvijay, published by Atmanand Jain Sabha, is a rich historical and religious text that delves into the history and construction of Jain temples, particularly focusing on those in Mount Abu. It also highlights the patrons and achievers behind these magnificent structures.

Here's a breakdown of its key aspects:

Core Content and Purpose:

• Focus on Abu's Jain Temples: The book's primary objective is to narrate the history and construction of the Jain temples located on Mount Abu, a significant pilgrimage site for Jains.
• Highlighting the Builders: It dedicates substantial effort to detailing the individuals and families responsible for the conception, patronage, and construction of these temples.
• Historical and Religious Significance: The text aims to inform readers about the religious importance of these temples, the Jain faith, and the historical context in which they were built.
• Patronage and Devotion: It emphasizes the deep devotion and significant financial contributions made by Jain patrons, often referred to as "Seths" or "Ministers," towards religious endeavors.

Key Figures and Narratives:

The book details the lives and contributions of several prominent figures, weaving together historical accounts with religious narratives:

1. Shri Vigyanand Suri: The book is dedicated to him, signifying his importance in the Jain tradition.
2. Acharya Shri Ratnaprabh Suri: A significant historical figure who played a crucial role in the spread of Jainism. The narrative describes his travels, his spiritual influence, and his interaction with the goddess Ambika. His journey to Osia and his influence on the establishment of the Oswal lineage are highlighted.
3. Upladev: A prince who established the city of Osia.
4. Vimal Shah: A minister of King Bhimdev of Gujarat, Vimal Shah is portrayed as a key figure in Jain temple architecture. His piety, diligence, and the legend of his extensive temple construction (336 temples, with 5 still existing in Kumbhariya) are central to the narrative. The book details his life, his family, and the circumstances that led to his temple-building endeavors, including his encounters with the goddess Ambika and the challenges he faced from Brahmins.
5. Vastupal and Tejpal: These brothers, sons of Asraj and Kumar Devi, were ministers to King Viradhaval of Gujarat. They are presented as exemplary Jain patrons who made immense contributions to the Jain faith.
   • Their early life, education, and rise to prominence are described.
   • Their strong faith and adherence to Jain principles, including their tapasya (ascetic practices), are emphasized.
   • Their significant role in the construction of temples, including the Neimath temple at Abu, is detailed.
   • The book recounts their administrative skills, their ability to manage state affairs, and their interactions with various rulers and dignitaries.
   • Their charitable activities, including the establishment of public welfare institutions like hospitals, free kitchens, and reservoirs, are highlighted, showcasing their commitment to societal well-being guided by Jain ethics.
   • The book also touches upon their military campaigns and diplomatic skills, demonstrating their multifaceted capabilities.
   • Their wives, Lalitadevi and Soukhyalata (for Vastupal), and Anupamadevi (for Tejpal), are also mentioned, along with their own religious contributions.

Construction of Temples and Historical Details:

• Vimal Shah's Temple: The book provides details about the Adishwar (Rishabhdev) temple built by Vimal Shah at Delvada, near Abu. It mentions the inscription of V.S. 1088 (1031 AD) and the immense cost involved. It also discusses the architecture, the sculptures, and later repairs and modifications to the temple. The horse-riding statue of Vimal Shah is also mentioned.
• Vastupal and Tejpal's Temple: The book details the Neimath (Neminath) temple built by Tejpal, son of Vastupal's brother, in memory of his family. The inscription of V.S. 1287 (1231 AD) is noted. The intricate carvings, the architectural style, and the various inscriptions within the temple are described, including those detailing the lineage of rulers and ministers.
• Other Temples and Sites: The book also briefly mentions other temples and religious sites in and around Abu, such as Achalgadh, Oriya, Gurushikhar, Gomukh (Vashisht's Ashram), Gautam's Ashram, Vasthanjith, and the temples of Adinath, Neminath, Kunthunath, and Parshvanath. It provides historical context and inscriptions related to these places.
• Role of Foreign Scholars: The book acknowledges the contribution of foreign scholars (from Germany, France, England) in bringing attention to Jain scriptures and ancient inscriptions, which in turn inspired Indian scholars and Jain acharyas to pursue similar research.
• Importance of Inscriptions: The text emphasizes the value of ancient inscriptions found in temples and on sculptures, as they provide crucial historical information about rulers, dynasties, social conditions, and the propagation of Jainism.
• Patronage and Community Support: It highlights how the construction and maintenance of these temples were supported not only by wealthy individuals but also by the collective efforts of the Jain community, with specific villages and families assigned responsibilities for festivals and upkeep.

Religious and Philosophical Aspects:

• Jain Dharma: The book implicitly and explicitly conveys the core principles of Jainism, including non-violence (ahimsa), charity (dana), devotion to religious leaders (guru bhakti), and the importance of tapasya (asceticism).
• Influence on Society: It touches upon the influence of Jainism and its adherents on rulers and society, as well as the positive impact of their charitable works on the general populace.
• Conversions and Lineages: The establishment of the Oswal lineage through Acharya Ratnaprabh Suri and the conversion of kings and communities to Jainism are significant historical events described in the book.
• Spiritual Teachings: The teachings of Jain acharyas, including their emphasis on the impermanence of wealth, the importance of good deeds, and the path to salvation, are woven into the narrative.

Structure and Presentation:

• Narrative Style: The book employs a narrative style, recounting historical events and the lives of key figures in a storytelling manner.
• Inscriptions and Appendices: The text includes transcriptions and analyses of various inscriptions, providing direct historical evidence. Appendices provide further details on specific temples and their inscriptions, enhancing the scholarly value of the work.
• Praise for Patrons: The author uses laudatory language to describe the patrons, highlighting their virtues and contributions to the Jain faith.
• Call to Action: The book implicitly encourages readers to appreciate and continue the tradition of supporting Jain religious and charitable endeavors.

Overall Significance:

"Abu Jain Mandiro ke Nirmata" is a valuable resource for understanding the historical and architectural significance of Jain temples in Abu. It serves as a testament to the immense contributions of Jain patrons and acharyas in preserving and propagating the Jain faith. The book offers a glimpse into the religious fervor, social influence, and artistic achievements of the Jain community during specific historical periods. It is not just a historical account but also a religious treatise that inspires devotion and highlights the enduring legacy of faith and patronage.