Abu Jain Mandiro Ke Nirmata

This document is the book "Abu Jain Mandiro ke Nirmata" (Builders of Jain Temples in Abu) by Lalitvijay, published by Atmanand Jain Sabha, Ambala City. The catalog link provided is for a digital copy.

The book details the history and construction of Jain temples, primarily focusing on those in Abu (Mount Abu), Rajasthan, and mentions the patronage and contributions of various individuals and communities.

Here's a comprehensive summary of the key information presented:

I. Introduction and Purpose:

• The book aims to highlight the builders and patrons of Jain temples, particularly those in Abu.
• It emphasizes the importance of Jain heritage and the efforts made to preserve and promote it.
• The publisher is the Atmanand Jain Sabha, Ambala City.
• The book was published in Vikram Samvat 1979 / AD 1922.

II. Historical Context and Jainism's Influence:

• The early chapters delve into the spread and influence of Jainism, particularly in the Marwar region of Rajasthan.
• It narrates how Jainism gained prominence through the teachings of revered acharyas and the patronage of rulers and influential individuals.
• The text mentions the lineage of Jain acharyas, such as Acharya Ratnaprabhasuri, and their contributions to spreading Jain dharma.

III. Key Figures and Patrons:

• Acharya Ratnaprabhasuri: Credited with establishing the Oswal community in Marwar. He converted King Upaldev and his subjects to Jainism, leading to the establishment of the Oswal community. He was a disciple of Keshikumara, who was a successor of the renowned fourteen Purvdhar Shruthakevali.
• King Upaldev: The prince who founded the city of Osiya in Marwar. He was converted to Jainism by Acharya Ratnaprabhasuri.
• Ambika Devi: A local deity who was impressed by the austerity of Acharya Ratnaprabhasuri and requested him to stay in Marwar, thereby aiding the spread of Jainism.
• King Bhimsen: Mentioned as a Parmar king of Bhinmal.
• King Bhimdeva (of Gujarat): A significant ruler whose reign saw the flourishing of Jainism.
• Vimal Mantri: A skilled and virtuous minister to King Bhimdeva of Gujarat. He was a devout Jain and a key figure in promoting Jainism.
• Vimal Shah (Vimal Mantri's son): The primary builder of the famous Vimal Vasahi temple at Dilwara (Abu). This temple is dedicated to Lord Rishabhdev (Adinath). He was a minister appointed by King Bhimdeva.
• Vastupala and Tejapala: Prominent Jain ministers, brothers, who served the Solanki rulers of Gujarat, particularly King Viradhavala. They are credited with constructing numerous Jain temples, including the famous Lun Vasahi temple at Dilwara (Abu), dedicated to Lord Neminath.
• Seth Kaluramji Kochar: The patron who provided financial assistance for the publication of this book. He was a religious and philanthropic businessman from Bikaner.
• Other Patrons and Contributors: The book also mentions various other individuals and communities who contributed to the construction and upkeep of Jain temples.

IV. Construction of Jain Temples in Abu (Dilwara Temples):

• Vimal Vasahi Temple (dedicated to Lord Rishabhdev/Adinath):
  • Built by Vimal Mantri (Vimal Shah).
  • Construction was overseen by a master architect named Shobhan.
  • The temple was consecrated in Vikram Samvat 1088 (AD 1031).
  • The construction involved immense wealth and skilled craftsmanship, using marble extensively.
  • The book describes the intricate carvings and architectural brilliance of this temple, comparing its artistry favorably to the Taj Mahal.
  • It mentions inscriptions detailing the construction and the patronage of Vimal Shah.
• Lun Vasahi Temple (dedicated to Lord Neminath):
  • Built by Tejapala, brother of Vastupala, in memory of his son Lun Singh and wife Anupamadevi.
  • Construction was completed in Vikram Samvat 1287 (AD 1231).
  • This temple is also renowned for its exquisite marble artistry and craftsmanship, comparable to the Vimal Vasahi temple.
  • It mentions inscriptions detailing the patronage of Tejapala and the lineage of the rulers and architects.
• Other Temples and Sites: The book also briefly mentions other Jain temples and sites in and around Abu, such as Achalgarh, Oriya, Gurushikhar, Gomukh (Vashishta), Gautama, and Vashthanji, highlighting their historical and religious significance, and the presence of inscriptions and sculptures.

V. Architectural and Artistic Significance:

• The book places great emphasis on the architectural grandeur and artistic intricacies of the Dilwara temples.
• It highlights the use of marble, the detailed carvings on pillars, ceilings, toranas, and the overall craftsmanship that makes these temples world-renowned.
• The book acknowledges the significant contributions of architects like Shobhan and the artistic skills of the artisans.
• It cites observations from historical records and notable figures like Col. Tod and James Burgess regarding the unparalleled beauty and craftsmanship of these temples.

VI. Patronage and Religious Observance:

• The book details the deep devotion and religious commitment of the patrons, such as Vimal Shah, Vastupala, and Tejapala.
• It mentions their acts of charity, their adherence to Jain principles, and their efforts in promoting Jainism.
• It highlights instances of their participation in religious ceremonies, their support for Jain monks and scholars, and their undertaking of numerous temple constructions and renovations across various pilgrimage sites like Shatrunjay, Girnar, and Pawagarh.
• The book also mentions the importance of maintaining these temples through endowments and the establishment of systematic practices for their upkeep and religious observances.

VII. Historical Inscriptions and Documentation:

• The book references various historical inscriptions found in the temples, which provide valuable information about the builders, patrons, rulers, acharyas, and the socio-religious conditions of the time.
• It mentions the compilation of these inscriptions in scholarly works, including the "Prachin Jain Lekh Sangrah" by Muni Jinavijay, and the works of historical researchers like Pandit Gaurishankar Ojha.

VIII. Conclusion and Legacy:

• The book concludes by emphasizing the enduring legacy of the builders of these magnificent Jain temples.
• It inspires readers to appreciate and learn from the dedication, craftsmanship, and religious fervor of these historical figures.
• It serves as a testament to the rich history and artistic heritage of Jainism in India.

In essence, "Abu Jain Mandiro ke Nirmata" is a historical and devotional account that celebrates the significant contributions of individuals, primarily Vimal Shah, Vastupala, and Tejapala, in building the iconic Jain temples at Abu, thereby leaving an indelible mark on India's architectural and religious landscape. It also highlights the broader historical context of Jainism's spread and influence in the region.