Aagam Manjusha 10 Angsuttam Mool 10 Panhavagaranam

Here is a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Aagam Manjusha 10 Angsuttam Mool 10 Panhavagaranam" based on the provided pages:

Overall Context:

This text is part of the "Aagam Manjusha" series, a collection of Jain Agamas (scriptures). Specifically, it focuses on the "Dashavaikalika Sutra," which is the tenth Anga (limb) of the Jain canon. The provided excerpt is the "Prashnavyakarananga," the first chapter of the Dashavaikalika Sutra, also referred to as "Panhavagaranam" (Questions and Answers). The text is presented as a compilation and rendition by Muni Deepratnasagar.

Introduction (Page 2):

• The "Aagam Manjusha" was originally edited 70 years prior (around 1942 AD) by Acharya Shri Anandsagar Suriji.
• In 2012 AD, 70 years later, this online version, "Online-Aagam Manjusha," is being presented with some modifications.
• The introduction notes some differences in the original compilation compared to this online version:
  • The Avasyaka Sutra includes not just the root sutras but also the "Niyukti" (commentary/explanation).
  • The Jitakalpa Sutra includes not just the root sutras but also the "Bhashya" (another form of commentary).
  • The "Panchakalpa," an alternative to the Jitakalpa Sutra, and its Bhashya are included.
  • The "Pindaniyukti," an alternative Agama to "Oghaniyukti," is included, although its printing location may differ.
  • The "Kalpa (Barasa) Sutra" is also included in the original compilation.

The Core Text - Prashnavyakarananga (Pages 3-20):

The core of the provided text details the teachings of Lord Mahavir, as conveyed through his disciple Aryamuhamma and then explained to his disciple Aryajambu. The text is structured around the concept of Ashrava (influx of karma) and Samvara (cessation of karma), as well as Adharma Dvara (doors of unrighteousness/sin).

Key Themes and Concepts Discussed:

1. The Five Adharma Dvaras (Doors of Unrighteousness): The text systematically explains five primary categories of unrighteous actions:

   • Panavaha (Violence/Killing): This is extensively detailed, describing the various beings that are harmed (from one-sensed to five-sensed) and the numerous reasons for violence (agriculture, trade, craftsmanship, etc.). It emphasizes the severe consequences of violence, including rebirth in hellish realms with unimaginable suffering. The text lists numerous names and synonyms for violence, highlighting its heinous nature.
   • Alia (Falsehood/Lying): This section explains the nature of lying, its many forms, and its detrimental effects. It describes how liars are reborn in lower realms and suffer greatly. The text contrasts the true path with the paths of those who deny the existence of karma, the soul, or the teachings of the Tirthankaras. Various types of false speech and their repercussions are outlined.
   • Adinnadana (Stealing/Unjust Acquisition): This part explains the act of taking what is not given, its various forms (theft, fraud, hoarding, etc.), and the severe karmic consequences. It describes punishments in hell and rebirths in unfortunate states due to stealing. The text details how thieves are caught, punished, and suffer immensely.
   • Abrahma (Unchastity/Lustful Conduct): This section discusses the five types of forbidden sexual conduct and the suffering associated with it. It elaborates on the destructive impact of lust on spiritual progress and the resulting karmic consequences, including rebirths in lower realms. Various sensual indulgences and their negative effects are described.
   • Parigraha (Possession/Greed): This is the final Adharma Dvara discussed, emphasizing excessive attachment and accumulation. It explains how greed leads to suffering, attachment to worldly possessions, and hinders spiritual liberation. The text describes how both gods and humans engage in excessive acquisition, yet find no true satisfaction. The consequences of greed include rebirths in unfortunate states.

2. Samvara (Cessation of Karma): The text then shifts to the Samvara Dvaras (Doors of Cessation), which are the means to stop the influx of karma and achieve liberation. These are presented as essential practices for any spiritual aspirant.

   • Ahimsa (Non-violence): Ahimsa is presented as the paramount Samvara, described as a refuge, protection, and source of peace. It encompasses non-violence towards all beings, from one-sensed to five-sensed, and includes abstaining from certain actions and using pure means. The text emphasizes the importance of controlling the mind, speech, and body to practice Ahimsa effectively. It details the five vows related to Ahimsa and the purity required in seeking alms.
   • Satya (Truthfulness): Truth is described as essential for spiritual progress, akin to a guiding light. It helps one overcome obstacles and reach the spiritual goal. The text stresses the importance of speaking truthful, beneficial, and gentle words. It warns against the misuse of truth for selfish purposes or to cause harm.
   • Adattadanaviramana (Abstinence from Stealing): This vow involves refraining from taking anything that is not given. The text emphasizes the need for caution and purity in all actions related to possessions and alms. It highlights the importance of not accepting anything from impure sources or through improper means.
   • Brahmacharya (Celibacy/Chastity): Brahmacharya is presented as a vital practice for controlling desires and achieving spiritual purity. The text emphasizes the need to guard against sensual temptations, unhealthy attachments, and inappropriate conduct. It outlines the practices and attitudes required to maintain chastity of mind, speech, and body.
   • Aparigraha (Non-possession): This vow involves detachment from all possessions, both internal and external. The text explains that true liberation comes from renouncing greed and attachment to worldly things. It emphasizes the importance of contentment and living a simple life, free from the burden of accumulation.

3. The Nature of the Soul and Karma: Throughout the text, the underlying philosophy of Jainism is evident – the soul's journey through cycles of birth and death due to karma. The Adharma Dvaras explain the actions that create negative karma, leading to suffering, while the Samvara Dvaras explain the actions that lead to the cessation of karma and ultimate liberation (Moksha).

4. The Importance of the Tirthankaras' Teachings: The text repeatedly refers to the teachings of Lord Mahavir and other Tirthankaras, highlighting their wisdom and guidance in navigating the path of righteousness.

Structure and Language:

The text is written in an ancient form of Prakrit (likely Ardha Magadhi), which is characteristic of the Jain Agamas. The style is didactic, with detailed explanations and numerous examples to illustrate the principles. The narrative often involves dialogue between spiritual masters and disciples, making the teachings accessible.

In Summary:

"Aagam Manjusha 10 Angsuttam Mool 10 Panhavagaranam" is a profound exploration of the fundamental principles of Jain conduct. It delves deeply into the harmful nature of Ashrava through the five "Adharma Dvaras" (violence, falsehood, stealing, unchastity, and greed), detailing their origins, manifestations, and dire karmic consequences. Following this, it elaborates on the crucial practices of Samvara through the five "Samvara Dvaras" (Ahimsa, Satya, Adattadanaviramana, Brahmacharya, and Aparigraha), outlining how these disciplines lead to the cessation of karma and pave the way for spiritual liberation. The text serves as a comprehensive guide for Jain ascetics and lay followers aspiring to understand and practice the path to enlightenment.