Aadinath Charitra - Book Summary

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Aadinath Charitra" by Pratapmuni, published by Kashinath Jain, Calcutta, based on the provided text:

Book Title: Aadinath Charitra (First chapter of 'Trishashti Shalaka Purush Charitra') Author: Muni Pratap Muni Translator/Hindi Interpreter: Acharya Shri Yut Jaysurishwarji Maharaj's disciple, Muni Pratap Muni Publisher: Jain Swayam Sevak Mandal and Pt. Kashinath Jain, Calcutta

Overview and Context:

"Aadinath Charitra" is the first part of the monumental Jain work, "Trishashti Shalaka Purush Charitra" (The Lives of Sixty-Three Great Men), originally composed by the renowned Jain scholar Kalikal Sarvagya Shri Hemchandracharya. This particular volume is a Hindi translation of the first chapter of Hemchandracharya's work, aiming to make the profound teachings and stories of Jain Tirthankaras accessible to a wider audience, especially those who can understand Hindi. The translation emphasizes the didactic nature of Jain literature, particularly the "Kathanuyog" (narrative section) which uses stories of great souls to impart moral and spiritual lessons.

Key Themes and Content:

The Fourfold Divisions of Jain Literature (Anuyogas): The introductory sections highlight the four main branches of Jain scripture:
- Dravyanuyog: Deals with philosophy and the true nature of substances, covering topics like the soul, matter, and karma. It's described as a difficult but profound subject.
- Kathanuyog: Focuses on the lives and teachings of great souls, making it the most accessible and impactful for general understanding and moral upliftment.
- Ganitanuyog: Covers mathematics and astronomy.
- Charankarananuyog: Details rules of conduct and practices.
The Importance of Kathanuyog: The text emphasizes that stories (Katha) are a powerful tool for conveying spiritual and ethical principles, resonating with people of all intellectual levels, from scholars to common folk. These narratives inspire good conduct, moral values, and righteous living.
Kalikal Sarvagya Shri Hemchandracharya: The summary praises Hemchandracharya as a great Jain Acharya who played a pivotal role in spreading Jainism, notably by converting King Kumarpal. His "Trishashti Shalaka Purush Charitra" is presented as a masterpiece written for the welfare of the world, at the behest of King Kumarpal. The text's excellence in poetic artistry and subject matter is unquestionable due to its author and intended audience.
Structure of "Trishashti Shalaka Purush Charitra": Hemchandracharya's magnum opus is divided into ten parts, called "Parvas." Each "Parva" is rich with Jain philosophical secrets, explained through various topics like the nature of 'Naya' (standpoint), 'Kshetra Samas' (geographical divisions), 'Jeev Vichar' (knowledge of the soul), 'Karm Swarup' (nature of karma), the twelve 'Bhavanas' (contemplations), detachment from worldly life, the transient nature of life, and profound insights into knowledge. These explanations are presented in a simple and engaging manner, highlighting the effectiveness of Kathanuyog.
Content of "Aadinath Charitra" (First Parva): The first Parva, focusing on Lord Aadinath (Rishabhadeva), is a translation of the first chapter of Hemchandracharya's work and contains six chapters (Sargas):
- First Sarga: Describes the first twelve 'Bhavas' (states or aspects) of Shri Rishabhadeva. It specifically mentions the discourse of Acharya Dharmaghosh Suri and the theological dialogue among ministers in King Mahabal's assembly as noteworthy. It also covers the 'uparsiddha' (acquired) powers of the monks and the twenty 'Sthanas' (stages).
- Second Sarga: Narrates the origin of the lineage and the story of Lord Rishabhadeva from his birth until the desire for renunciation arises. It highlights the story of Sagar Chandra (Rishabhadeva's previous life) and the depiction of the wicked's wickedness and the virtuous woman's chastity and steadfastness. The birth celebration by celestial beings and the detailed description of Lord Rishabhadeva and Sunanda's beauty are also mentioned. The divine celebration of the Lord's marriage and the description of spring are noted as showcasing the poet's brilliance.
- Third Sarga: Covers the initiation festival of the Lord, his attainment of omniscience ('Keval Gyan'), and his sermons ('Deshna').
- Fourth Sarga: Describes the conquests of Bharat Chakravarti. This narrative is considered highly entertaining.
- Fifth Sarga: Relates the story of the conflict with Bahubali, including the important mission of Suveg. It offers a vivid portrayal of the warfare of that era.
- Sixth Sarga: Details the Lord's travels after becoming Kevali (omniscient), and concludes with his and Bharat Chakravarti's Nirvana. The descriptions of Ashtapad, Shatrunjay, and Bharat Chakravarti's built 'Simha Nishad Prasad' on Ashtapad are particularly recommended.
Praise for Hemchandracharya's Literary Skill: The text repeatedly praises Hemchandracharya's profound intellect, descriptive power, and unique talent, which leave readers and listeners in awe.
Accessibility of the Hindi Translation: The publishers express hope that this Hindi translation will be well-received and aid readers in understanding the profound concepts. They acknowledge the effort and expense involved in creating this first-of-its-kind Hindi translation.
Apology for Errors: The publisher, Kashinath Jain, apologizes for any errors or imperfections in the book due to printing limitations and requests readers to point them out for future improvement.
Attribution and Support: The book is dedicated to Acharya Shri Jaysurishwarji Maharaj, with acknowledgments to the Jain Swayam Sevak Mandal for their assistance and to a generous donor for supporting the publication.

Overall Purpose:

The "Aadinath Charitra," as presented in this volume, serves as an introduction to the rich narrative tradition of Jainism. It aims to educate, inspire, and guide readers through the life story of the first Tirthankara, Lord Rishabhadeva, illustrating the core principles and virtues that are central to the Jain faith. The Hindi translation makes this ancient wisdom accessible to a modern, Hindi-speaking audience, fostering spiritual growth and adherence to Jain principles.