Aadhunik Vigyan Aur Ahimsa - Book Summary

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Adhunik Vigyan Aur Ahimsa" (Modern Science and Non-Violence), based on the provided pages:

Book Title: Adhunik Vigyan Aur Ahimsa (Modern Science and Non-Violence) Author(s): Ganeshmuni Shastri, Kantisagar, Sarvoday Sat Nemichandra Publisher: Atmaram and Sons Publication Year: 1962

Overall Theme: The book explores the intricate relationship between modern science and the Jain principle of Ahimsa (non-violence). It argues that while science has brought immense material progress and comfort, its ultimate purpose and application must be guided by ethical and spiritual principles, particularly Ahimsa, to ensure human welfare and global peace. The authors advocate for a harmonious integration of scientific advancement with spiritual and ethical values.

Key Arguments and Chapters:

The Dichotomy of Science and Ahimsa: The book begins by acknowledging the significant advancements made by modern science, which has improved human life in material terms, making previously unattainable comforts accessible to all. However, it highlights the inherent danger of science when divorced from ethical considerations, leading to the potential for destruction. Ahimsa, on the other hand, is presented as the spiritual core of human existence, essential for individual, social, and national development. The authors suggest that controlling destructive scientific potential requires the guiding force of Ahimsa.
India's Spiritual Heritage: India's unique contribution to the world is its spiritual power, rooted in the principles of Ahimsa and spirituality. This core principle has preserved India's cultural identity through various invasions. The book emphasizes that while Indian philosophy has a strong spiritual focus, it hasn't neglected the material world, acknowledging the diligent research into material sciences alongside spiritual exploration.
The Nature and Purpose of Science: Science is defined as the pursuit of knowledge driven by curiosity and the desire for progress. It has transformed human life by providing new tools and conveniences. However, the book cautions against becoming slaves to material progress. While science can provide solutions to physical needs, it cannot fulfill the deeper spiritual yearning of humanity.
The Role of Philosophy (Darshan): Philosophy is presented as an intellectual pursuit that seeks to understand the fundamental nature of reality, life, and the universe. Different philosophical schools (Indian and Western) are discussed, highlighting their attempts to grapple with existential questions. While Western philosophy often focuses on interpreting the external world through logic, Indian philosophy emphasizes introspection and the realization of the self and the divine.
Indian Philosophies and Science: The book briefly reviews various Indian philosophical systems like Buddhism, Nyaya, Sankhya, Jainism, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, and Charvaka. It highlights that most Indian philosophies aim at overcoming suffering and achieving liberation, often through principles that align with or complement scientific inquiry. Jainism, in particular, is noted for its detailed analysis of matter and its potential, and its core principle of Ahimsa.
The Interplay of Religion and Science: The text argues that while religion and science might seem disparate, they can work in tandem. Science provides practical knowledge and external means for well-being, while religion (or spirituality) guides the inner life and provides ethical direction. The authors suggest that science can be viewed as a tool for exploring spiritual truths, but it cannot replace the inner realization that religion fosters.
Science for Welfare vs. Destruction: The book strongly advocates for the constructive and welfare-oriented application of science. It warns that science, when used for destructive purposes, becomes a curse rather than a boon. The development of nuclear weapons and other instruments of mass destruction is cited as a grave concern, highlighting the urgent need for ethical guidance in scientific endeavors.
The Dangers of Uncontrolled Science: The text details the advancements of science in various fields like transportation, communication, and industry, emphasizing how these have improved daily life. However, it also points out the negative consequences, such as increased unemployment due to mechanization, the widening gap between the rich and the poor, and the erosion of moral values. The book questions whether material progress has led to genuine human progress in terms of ethics and spirituality.
Nuclear Weapons and the Threat of Annihilation: A significant portion of the book is dedicated to the terrifying power of nuclear weapons. The authors describe the devastating consequences of atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the subsequent development of hydrogen bombs. They express deep concern about the potential for global destruction if these weapons are used. The arms race between nations, particularly the US and USSR, is presented as a major threat to world peace.
The Call for Disarmament and Non-Violence: In the face of potential annihilation, the book advocates for disarmament and a return to the principles of Ahimsa. It highlights the efforts of leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and international organizations like the United Nations in promoting peace and disarmament. The book argues that true peace cannot be achieved through military might or nuclear deterrence, but rather through the cultivation of non-violent values and mutual understanding.
Ahimsa as a Solution: Ahimsa is presented not just as a religious principle but as a practical and potent force for societal change and global peace. The authors emphasize the need to move beyond mere theoretical acceptance of Ahimsa to its active application in personal, social, and political life. Collective non-violent action, as demonstrated by Mahatma Gandhi, is highlighted as a powerful tool for achieving significant social and political transformation.
The Need for Harmony between Religion and Science: The book concludes by stressing the imperative of integrating scientific knowledge with religious and spiritual values. It argues that a purely materialistic approach, driven by science alone, can lead to a spiritually impoverished existence and potentially to self-destruction. True progress lies in harmonizing the external advancements of science with the internal development fostered by spirituality and ethical principles, with Ahimsa serving as the guiding force.

Key Takeaway: "Adhunik Vigyan Aur Ahimsa" serves as a powerful reminder that while scientific progress is essential for material well-being, it must be tempered by wisdom, ethics, and the profound principles of Ahimsa to ensure a peaceful, sustainable, and spiritually fulfilling future for humanity. The book urges a conscious effort to bridge the gap between material advancements and moral development, ensuring that science serves the cause of human welfare and not its destruction.